Desempenho fenológico e caracterização anatômica de gervão-roxo Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl (Verbenaceae)
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Data
2020-02-17
Autores
Araújo, Emanuelle Oliveira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl é conhecida popularmente como gervão-roxo, utilizada na medicina popular por sua ação estomáquica, antipiréticos, doenças hepáticas crônicas, e por sua utilização na indústria na composição de um fitomedicamento para o tratamento do vitiligo. A ação terapêutica das plantas medicinais muitas vezes está atrelada a produtos de seu metabolismo secundário, sendo este influenciado diretamente por diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Diante disso, a aplicação de ferramentas que visem compreender a dinâmica de resposta das plantas e o ambiente faz-se necessária afim de fornecer subsídio para o cultivo e domesticação destas espécies. Dentre estas ferramentas está a fenologia, que avalia a resposta da planta a mudanças climatológicas, a anatomia que descreve a estrutura interna e a histoquímica que identifica e localiza as classes de compostos produzidos. Desse modo, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta fenológica em resposta ao ambiente e a caracterização anatômica e histoquímica em Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Horticultura da Fazenda Experimental Lageado na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, em Botucatu-SP. Foram avaliados 52 indivíduos mensalmente de setembro/2018 a agosto/2019 quanto a resposta fenológica da espécie em relação as variações climáticas. Além disso, as folhas e flores foram coletadas, fixadas e analisadas quanto a sua anatomia e histoquímica dos metabólitos produzidos. A espécie apresentou alta sincronia para as fenofases durante os meses de avaliação. A precipitação foi o fator que mais influenciou na resposta fenológica da espécie. A senescência apresentou correlação negativa com os fatores avaliados. Houve correlação entre temperatura e floração. Anatomicamente, o limbo foliar apresentou epiderme uniestratificada, com estômato e tricomas glandulares e tectores em ambas as faces e mesofilo dorsiventral. As flores apresentaram corola tubulosa, pentâmera, gamopétalas, com epiderme papilosa e paredes lignificadas com presença de tricomas tectores e glandulares. Os testes histoquímicos evidenciaram a presença de compostos fenólicos em todo mesofilo, epiderme e tricomas, e nas flores; gotículas de óleo essencial foram identificadas no mesofilo foliar. O teor de compostos fenólicos encontrados foi superior ao encontrado na literatura. Quanto a anatomia, a espécie foi influenciada pelos fatores climáticos avaliados, principalmente a precipitação. A descrição anatômica das flores não foi encontrada na literatura, bem como os elevados teores de compostos fenólicos.
Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl is popularly known as purple gervão, used in folk medicine for its stomatal action, antipyretics, chronic liver diseases, and for its use in industry in the composition of a phytomedicine for the treatment of vitiligo. The therapeutic action of medicinal plants is often linked to products of their secondary metabolism, which is directly influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, the application of tools that aim to understand the response dynamics of plants and the environment is necessary in order to provide support for the cultivation and domestication of these species. Among these tools is phenology, which assesses the plant's response to climatological changes, the anatomy that describes the internal structure and the histochemistry that identifies and locates the classes of compounds produced. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the phenological response in response to the environment and the anatomical and histochemical characterization in Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Horticulture Department of Fazenda Experimental Lageado at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista, in Botucatu-SP. 52 individuals were evaluated monthly from September / 2018 to August / 2019 for the phenological response of the species in relation to climatic variations. In addition, the leaves and flowers were collected, fixed and analyzed for their anatomy and histochemistry of the metabolites produced. The species showed high synchrony for the phenophases during the months of evaluation. Precipitation was the factor that most influenced the phenological response of the species. Senescence showed a negative correlation with the factors evaluated. There was a correlation between temperature and flowering. Anatomically, the leaf blade presented a uni-stratified epidermis, with stoma and glandular and trichome trichomes on both sides and dorsiventral mesophyll. The flowers presented tubular corolla, pentamera, gamopetals, with papillary epidermis and lignified walls with the presence of tector and glandular trichomes. Histochemical tests showed the presence of phenolic compounds in all mesophyll, epidermis and trichomes, and in flowers; droplets of essential oil were identified in the leaf mesophyll. The content of phenolic compounds found was higher than that found in the literature. As for anatomy, the species was influenced by the climatic factors evaluated, mainly the precipitation. The anatomical description of the flowers was not found in the literature, as well as the high levels of phenolic compounds.
Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl is popularly known as purple gervão, used in folk medicine for its stomatal action, antipyretics, chronic liver diseases, and for its use in industry in the composition of a phytomedicine for the treatment of vitiligo. The therapeutic action of medicinal plants is often linked to products of their secondary metabolism, which is directly influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, the application of tools that aim to understand the response dynamics of plants and the environment is necessary in order to provide support for the cultivation and domestication of these species. Among these tools is phenology, which assesses the plant's response to climatological changes, the anatomy that describes the internal structure and the histochemistry that identifies and locates the classes of compounds produced. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the phenological response in response to the environment and the anatomical and histochemical characterization in Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Horticulture Department of Fazenda Experimental Lageado at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista, in Botucatu-SP. 52 individuals were evaluated monthly from September / 2018 to August / 2019 for the phenological response of the species in relation to climatic variations. In addition, the leaves and flowers were collected, fixed and analyzed for their anatomy and histochemistry of the metabolites produced. The species showed high synchrony for the phenophases during the months of evaluation. Precipitation was the factor that most influenced the phenological response of the species. Senescence showed a negative correlation with the factors evaluated. There was a correlation between temperature and flowering. Anatomically, the leaf blade presented a uni-stratified epidermis, with stoma and glandular and trichome trichomes on both sides and dorsiventral mesophyll. The flowers presented tubular corolla, pentamera, gamopetals, with papillary epidermis and lignified walls with the presence of tector and glandular trichomes. Histochemical tests showed the presence of phenolic compounds in all mesophyll, epidermis and trichomes, and in flowers; droplets of essential oil were identified in the leaf mesophyll. The content of phenolic compounds found was higher than that found in the literature. As for anatomy, the species was influenced by the climatic factors evaluated, mainly the precipitation. The anatomical description of the flowers was not found in the literature, as well as the high levels of phenolic compounds.
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Palavras-chave
Plantas medicinais, Fenologia, Anatomia vegetal, Histoquímica, Fenóis, Medicinal plants, Phenology, Leaf anatomy, Histochemistry