Deficiência adquirida na velhice: a percepção dos(as) idosos(as)
Carregando...
Data
2020-02-19
Autores
Bonora, Ana Paula Machado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ao levar em consideração o envelhecimento populacional no Brasil é preciso compreender que esse processo pode ser acompanhado também de uma deficiência adquirida devido aos declínios funcionais e fisiológicos decorrentes do aumento da idade. Deve-se considerar ainda que o processo de envelhecer e adquirir uma deficiência também afeta e muda consideravelmente a vida do indivíduo nesta situação. A associação entre envelhecimento e deficiência adquirida torna o enfrentamento e a superação pelo indivíduo muito mais complexa, pois a mesma pode levar à novas limitações nas capacidades funcionais e nas realizações das atividades antes comuns e adaptadas ao idoso. Partindo dessas considerações, esta pesquisa investigou as principais mudanças que ocorreram na vida de dez idosos ao adquirirem uma deficiência após os 60 anos de idade. Os dados foram coletados junto aos pacientes de um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação Física em uma instituição não governamental no município de Bauru, SP. Dentre os dez participantes, quatro realizaram amputação de membros inferiores por conta de diabetes; cinco tiveram hemiplegia do lado esquerdo do corpo provocada por Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) e uma participante teve paralisia total do corpo em decorrência da Síndrome de Guillain-Barré. A investigação foi de caráter qualitativo por meio de entrevista aberta incluindo a aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico e um questionário para coletar informações sobre a deficiência. Dos participantes entrevistados, nove utilizavam aparelhos ortopédicos ou outros aparelhos para auxiliar a locomoção e todos necessitavam da ajuda de terceiros para realizarem atividades básicas da vida diária. A análise de dados se deu primeiramente com a utilização do Software QSR Nvivo® como ferramenta de auxílio na análise de pesquisas qualitativas. Em seguida, foi realizada a análise temática a partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Minayo. Como resultado, foram criados quatro eixos temáticos centrais com subtemas relacionados a cada um deles. O primeiro eixo temático, intitulado "Estratégias de Enfrentamento", diz respeito aos fatores que resultaram em uma melhor adaptação do indivíduo à aquisição da deficiência. O eixo "Dificultadores" englobou as questões que dificultaram o processo de aquisição da deficiência. "Deficiência" é o eixo que reuniu as compreensões dos indivíduos a respeito da sua deficiência, enquanto "Adoecimento" possibilitou o entendimento dos participantes a respeito da doença que culminou na deficiência. Os resultados obtidos mostraram situações negativas na aquisição de uma deficiência pelos idosos que foram atenuados por conta de suportes sociais, psicológicos e assistenciais. Ademais, foi constatado que, para os participantes, a deficiência era entendida por meio de um viés biológico, sem considerar as questões sociais que perpassam e influenciam a pessoa com deficiência. A pesquisa possui limitações e lacunas que não foram exploradas tais como gênero, etnia e nível socioeconômico, porém acredita-se que este estudo pode auxiliar na investigação das questões referentes ao envelhecimento e à deficiência adquirida no sentido de elaborar intervenções que englobem este grupo específico da população.
To consider the population-ageing in Brazilit is necessary to understand that this process can be followed by an acquired deficiency due to functional and physiological declines arising from increasing age. It should also be considered that this process of aging and acquiring a disabilityaffects and changes the individual life in this situation considerably. The relation between aging and acquired disability makes the confrontation and overcoming by the individual very complex because it can lead to new limitations in functional capabilitiesand in the performance of activities previously common and adapted to the elderly. Based on these considerations, this research investigated the main changes that occurred in the lives of ten elderly people when they acquired a disability after 60 years old. Data were collected at the Specialized Physical Rehabilitation Center from a non-governmental institution in Bauru city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Among the ten participants, four had lower limb amputation due to diabetes; five had hemiplegia on the left side of the body caused by a stroke and one participant had total body paralysis due to Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This research used a qualitative approachandan open interview including also a sociodemographic questionnaire and another to collect informationsabout the disability. Of the interviewed participants, nine used orthopedic devices or other devices to aid the mobility and everyone needed the help ofother people to carry out their basic activities of daily life. For data analysis, the QSR Nvivo Software®was used as an aid tool in qualitative research and subsequently a thematic analysis based on the content analysis proposed by Minayo.As a result, four central thematic axes were elaborated with subthemes related to each of them. The firstthematic axis, named "Confrontation Strategies", concerns the factors that resulted in a better adaptation of the individual to the acquisition ofthe disability. The "Hardships" axis comprised the issues that hamperedthe disability acquisition process."Disability" is the axis that gathered the subjects understandings about their disability while "Illness" enabledfor the participants to understand the disease that resulted in the disability. The results showed negative situations in the acquisition of a disabilityby the elderly that were attenuated due to social, psychological and assistancesupports.Furthermore, for the participants, the disability was understood through a biological bias, without considering the social issues that permeate and influence the individual with a disability. This research has limitations and gapsthat have not been explored such as gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic level, howeveritcan contribute to the investigation of issues related to aging and acquired disability in order to elaborate interventions that include this specific groupof the population.
To consider the population-ageing in Brazilit is necessary to understand that this process can be followed by an acquired deficiency due to functional and physiological declines arising from increasing age. It should also be considered that this process of aging and acquiring a disabilityaffects and changes the individual life in this situation considerably. The relation between aging and acquired disability makes the confrontation and overcoming by the individual very complex because it can lead to new limitations in functional capabilitiesand in the performance of activities previously common and adapted to the elderly. Based on these considerations, this research investigated the main changes that occurred in the lives of ten elderly people when they acquired a disability after 60 years old. Data were collected at the Specialized Physical Rehabilitation Center from a non-governmental institution in Bauru city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Among the ten participants, four had lower limb amputation due to diabetes; five had hemiplegia on the left side of the body caused by a stroke and one participant had total body paralysis due to Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This research used a qualitative approachandan open interview including also a sociodemographic questionnaire and another to collect informationsabout the disability. Of the interviewed participants, nine used orthopedic devices or other devices to aid the mobility and everyone needed the help ofother people to carry out their basic activities of daily life. For data analysis, the QSR Nvivo Software®was used as an aid tool in qualitative research and subsequently a thematic analysis based on the content analysis proposed by Minayo.As a result, four central thematic axes were elaborated with subthemes related to each of them. The firstthematic axis, named "Confrontation Strategies", concerns the factors that resulted in a better adaptation of the individual to the acquisition ofthe disability. The "Hardships" axis comprised the issues that hamperedthe disability acquisition process."Disability" is the axis that gathered the subjects understandings about their disability while "Illness" enabledfor the participants to understand the disease that resulted in the disability. The results showed negative situations in the acquisition of a disabilityby the elderly that were attenuated due to social, psychological and assistancesupports.Furthermore, for the participants, the disability was understood through a biological bias, without considering the social issues that permeate and influence the individual with a disability. This research has limitations and gapsthat have not been explored such as gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic level, howeveritcan contribute to the investigation of issues related to aging and acquired disability in order to elaborate interventions that include this specific groupof the population.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento, Pessoas com deficiência, Psicologia, Aging, People with disability, Psychology