Desafios e potenciais soluções para reciclagem de embalagens plásticas flexíveis pós-consumo no Brasil
Arquivos
Data
2020-03-27
Autores
Yugue, Eduardo Tadashi
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho visa tratar da reciclagem das embalagens plásticas flexíveis pós-consumo no Brasil, apresentando o panorama atual, os principais desafios e dificuldades para a reciclagem e, potenciais soluções tecnológicas disponíveis ou em desenvolvimento no Brasil e em outros países. Dados indicam que o volume de embalagens plásticas flexíveis pós-consumo seguirá crescendo nos próximos anos no Brasil. Atualmente uma parte deste tipo de material está sendo descartado de forma inadequada em aterros sanitários ou então descartadas aleatoriamente em lixões à céu aberto, com impacto negativo ao meio ambiente. Ao não ser reciclado, há a necessidade de extração contínua de recursos naturais, para a continuidade do processo produção-consumo. É necessário estabelecer ações que permitam um ciclo em que recursos extraídos da natureza possam voltar à produção de novos bens ao final de cada ciclo, estabelecendo as bases da economia circular. O trabalho foi realizado a partir de revisão bibliográfica, leitura de artigos técnico-científicos, participação em reuniões, visitas, consultas, entrevistas e acesso a “sites” da internet envolvendo órgãos públicos, associações de classes e empresas pertencentes à cadeia de produção de plásticos, conversão de embalagem, coleta seletiva e à reciclagem de embalagens plásticas. Como resultados, este trabalho reporta a necessidade de aplicação do conceito de eco-design no projeto de novas embalagens, tecnologia para separação automática de materiais, delaminação de estruturas multicamadas, remoção da tinta de impressão, extrusão de filme moído e a aplicação de aditivo de reforço e compatibilizante de materiais. Este trabalho explora também a reciclagem química e energética. Na reciclagem química, apresenta resultado de estudos recentes, principalmente através do processo de pirólise de poliolefinas, considerando diferentes misturas de materiais na alimentação e em diferentes modelos de reatores.
This work aims to address the recycling of flexible post-consumer packaging in Brazil, presenting the current scenario, the main challenges and difficulties for recycling and potential technological solutions available or under development in Brazil and other countries. Data indicate that the volume of flexible plastic post-consumer packaging will continue growing in the coming years in Brazil. Currently, part of this type of material, mainly the multilayer ones, is being disposed of inappropriately in landfills or randomly disposed of in open dumps, with a negative impact on the environment. When it is not recycled, there is a need for continuous extraction of natural resources, for the continuity of the production-consumption process. It is necessary to establish actions that allow a cycle in which resources extracted from nature can return to the production of new goods at the end of each cycle, establishing the bases of the circular economy. The work was carried out through bibliographic review and technical-scientific articles review, participation in meetings, visits, consultations, interviews and access to internet sites involving public agencies, class associations and companies belonging to the plastics production chain, packaging conversion, selective collection and recycling of plastic packaging. As a result, this work reports the need to apply the concept of eco-design in the design of new packaging, technology for automatic separation of materials, delamination of multilayer structures, removal of printing ink, extrusion of ground film (flakes) and also the application of reinforcing additive and material compatibilizer. This work also explores chemical and energy recycling. In chemical recycling, it presents the result of recent studies, mainly through the process of polyolefin pyrolysis, considering different mixtures of materials in the feed and in different reactor models.
This work aims to address the recycling of flexible post-consumer packaging in Brazil, presenting the current scenario, the main challenges and difficulties for recycling and potential technological solutions available or under development in Brazil and other countries. Data indicate that the volume of flexible plastic post-consumer packaging will continue growing in the coming years in Brazil. Currently, part of this type of material, mainly the multilayer ones, is being disposed of inappropriately in landfills or randomly disposed of in open dumps, with a negative impact on the environment. When it is not recycled, there is a need for continuous extraction of natural resources, for the continuity of the production-consumption process. It is necessary to establish actions that allow a cycle in which resources extracted from nature can return to the production of new goods at the end of each cycle, establishing the bases of the circular economy. The work was carried out through bibliographic review and technical-scientific articles review, participation in meetings, visits, consultations, interviews and access to internet sites involving public agencies, class associations and companies belonging to the plastics production chain, packaging conversion, selective collection and recycling of plastic packaging. As a result, this work reports the need to apply the concept of eco-design in the design of new packaging, technology for automatic separation of materials, delamination of multilayer structures, removal of printing ink, extrusion of ground film (flakes) and also the application of reinforcing additive and material compatibilizer. This work also explores chemical and energy recycling. In chemical recycling, it presents the result of recent studies, mainly through the process of polyolefin pyrolysis, considering different mixtures of materials in the feed and in different reactor models.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
embalagens flexíveis, multicamadas, reciclagem, plásticos, pós-consumo, flexible packaging, recycling, multilayer, plastic, post-consumer