Design, mobiliário litúrgico e suas relações semânticas
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Data
2020-04-03
Autores
Forcato, Marcelo dos Santos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O mobiliário e o espaço litúrgico católico são repletos de simbolismos, os quais perduram por milênios. Criar estes espaços e móveis dotados de complexos significados, exigências e materiais que evoquem nobreza não é uma tarefa fácil para designers e arquitetos. Além disso, esta é uma área pouquíssima explorada cientificamente. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo possibilitar que estes profissionais executem, com rigor semântico-simbólico, projetos de mobiliário e espaço litúrgico. Sabendo da estreita relação das áreas do Design e da Arquitetura com a linguagem simbólica dos objetos e espaços, este trabalho apresenta referencial teórico que aborda como o simbolismo fundamenta e pode ser observado nas religiões, especialmente na religião católica, já que esta é uma das poucas religiões que se utiliza de símbolos para fortalecer a fé de seus seguidores. Apresenta ainda as alterações históricas ocorridas no mobiliário litúrgico da igreja católica até a sua última grande modificação ocorrida no Concílio Vaticano II. Além disso, são descritos como o simbolismo do mobiliário litúrgico deve ser empregado dentro do espaço sagrado e como a linguagem do Design, da Semiótica e da percepção visual se fundem para embasar as interpretações estético-simbólicas. Esta pesquisa se classifica como Exploratória e Descritiva e adota Modelo de Análise Semiótica proposto por Cardoso e Pacheco (2017) para compreensão de como ocorre o processo de leitura visual e percepção do simbolismo em relação ao mobiliário e espaço litúrgico. Este modelo passou por uma aplicação piloto e por três aplicações definitivas que demonstraram que seus resultados poderiam ser convertidos em uma ferramenta que orientasse profissionais de design no projeto de mobiliário e espaço litúrgico, considerando as especificidades de cada espaço sagrado e a recuperação do valor simbólico e litúrgico que vem se perdendo em reformas e execuções mal elaboradas. Como resultado, foi criada uma ferramenta de checklist de avaliação da aplicação de características prático-pragmáticas, estético-sintáticas e simbólico-semânticas para projetos de interiores e mobiliários litúrgicos. Para sua validação foi realizado o projeto do espaço e mobiliário litúrgico de uma Capela no interior do Paraná, Brasil. Esta ferramenta juntamente com o conteúdo teórico desenvolvido foram considerados importante arcabouço teórico-prático para auxiliar profissionais na execução de projetos neste seguimento.
The catholic furniture and liturgical space are full of symbolism, which last for millennia. To create these spaces and furniture with complex meanings, requirements and materials that evoke nobility is not an easy task for designers and architects. In addition, this is a scarcely scientifically explored area. In this sense, this research aims to enable these professionals to execute, with semantic-symbolic rigor, furniture and liturgical space projects. Knowing the close relationship between the areas of Design and Architecture with the symbolic language of objects and spaces, this work presents a theoretical framework that addresses how symbolism is based and can be observed in religions, especially in the Catholic religion, since this is one of the few religions that use symbols to strengthen the faith of their followers. It also presents the historical changes that occurred in the liturgical furniture of the Catholic Church until its last major change occurred in the Second Vatican Council. In addition, they describe how the symbolism of liturgical furniture must be used within the sacred space and how the language of Design, Semiotics and visual perception merge to support aesthetic-symbolic interpretations. This research is classified as Exploratory and Descriptive and adopts Semiotic Analysis Model proposed by Cardoso and Pacheco (2017) to understand how the process of visual reading and perception of symbolism occurs in relation to furniture and liturgical space. This model went through a pilot application and three definitive applications that demonstrated that its results could be converted into a tool that would guides design professionals in the design of furniture and liturgical space, considering the specificities of each sacred space and the recovery of symbolic and liturgical value that has been lost in poorly prepared reforms and executions. As a result, a checklist tool was created to evaluate the application of practical-pragmatic, aesthetic-syntactic and symbolic-semantic characteristics for interior projects and liturgical furniture. For its validation, the design of the space and liturgical furniture of a Chapel in the interior of Paraná, Brazil was carried out. This tool, together with the theoretical content developed, was considered an important theoretical-practical framework to assist professionals in the execution of projects in this segment.
The catholic furniture and liturgical space are full of symbolism, which last for millennia. To create these spaces and furniture with complex meanings, requirements and materials that evoke nobility is not an easy task for designers and architects. In addition, this is a scarcely scientifically explored area. In this sense, this research aims to enable these professionals to execute, with semantic-symbolic rigor, furniture and liturgical space projects. Knowing the close relationship between the areas of Design and Architecture with the symbolic language of objects and spaces, this work presents a theoretical framework that addresses how symbolism is based and can be observed in religions, especially in the Catholic religion, since this is one of the few religions that use symbols to strengthen the faith of their followers. It also presents the historical changes that occurred in the liturgical furniture of the Catholic Church until its last major change occurred in the Second Vatican Council. In addition, they describe how the symbolism of liturgical furniture must be used within the sacred space and how the language of Design, Semiotics and visual perception merge to support aesthetic-symbolic interpretations. This research is classified as Exploratory and Descriptive and adopts Semiotic Analysis Model proposed by Cardoso and Pacheco (2017) to understand how the process of visual reading and perception of symbolism occurs in relation to furniture and liturgical space. This model went through a pilot application and three definitive applications that demonstrated that its results could be converted into a tool that would guides design professionals in the design of furniture and liturgical space, considering the specificities of each sacred space and the recovery of symbolic and liturgical value that has been lost in poorly prepared reforms and executions. As a result, a checklist tool was created to evaluate the application of practical-pragmatic, aesthetic-syntactic and symbolic-semantic characteristics for interior projects and liturgical furniture. For its validation, the design of the space and liturgical furniture of a Chapel in the interior of Paraná, Brazil was carried out. This tool, together with the theoretical content developed, was considered an important theoretical-practical framework to assist professionals in the execution of projects in this segment.
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Palavras-chave
Design, Mobiliário e espaço litúrgico, Características semântico-simbólicas, Liturgical furniture and space, Semantic-symbolic characteristics