Agroecologia e circuitos de comercialização: agricultores da Central das Associações de Produtores Orgânicos do Sul de Minas
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Data
2020-12-16
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O agronegócio é um modelo produtor de commodities, que cria desconexões entre produtores e consumidores e aprofunda desigualdades no campo, além de promover a degradação ambiental. Diversas alternativas surgem para amenizar essas consequências negativas. Na prática agrícola, a Agroecologia é uma delas. Aplicados os seus princípios, chega-se a uma forma de produção mais equilibrada do que a convencional. Mas para se manter na atividade, os agricultores orgânicos devem comercializar sua produção, o que na legislação brasileira somente pode ser realizada por meio de certificação. Duas outras alternativas se mostram mais relevantes para o agricultor familiar: na comercialização, as redes alimentares alternativas e na certificação, a certificação participativa. Mas a comercialização que encurte as distâncias entre produtores e consumidores deve ser analisada conforme o contexto geográfico desses atores, fazendo da espacialidade um componente fundamental para a compreensão das dinâmicas de comercialização. O objetivo geral é compreender como se organizam os circuitos de comercialização dos agricultores orgânicos vinculados à Central de Associações dos Agricultores Orgânicos do Sul de Minas (OSM) e se eles viabilizam uma alternativa de produção e venda de produtos orgânicos no contexto da sociedade capitalista. A fundamentação teórica tratou principalmente dos conceitos as redes alimentares alternativas e suas hibridações com o sistema convencional, proximidade entre produção e consumo, circuitos curtos de comercialização; verificou-se como a agricultura se desenvolve na mesorregião de interesse e como a Agroecologia pode se manifestar como uma alternativa; em seguida, o enfoque foi o conhecimento do perfil dos agricultores vinculados à OSM e como se organizam os circuitos de comercialização de alguns agricultores e coletivos. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e foram utilizadas a observação, mapas, entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para analisar os referidos circuitos. Verificou-se que a maior parte dos produtos são demandados por grandes centros consumidores como São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro e o mercado local é apenas complementar no escoamento da produção dos entrevistados. Mais importante que a venda em circuitos curtos locais é a organização coletiva e a diversificação dos canais de comercialização, com intermediários que valorizem de maneira justa a produção orgânica.
Agribusiness is a commodity-producing model, which creates disconnections between producers and consumers and deepens inequalities in the countryside, in addition to promoting environmental degradation. Several alternatives appear to mitigate these negative consequences. In agricultural practice, Agroecology is one of them. Applied to its principles, a more balanced form of production is reached than the conventional one. But to stay in business, organic farmers must commercialize their production, which in Brazilian legislation can only be achieved through certification. Two other alternatives are more relevant for the family farmer: in marketing, alternative food networks and in certification, participative certification. However, commercialization that shortens the distances between producers and consumers must be analyzed according to the geographical context of these actors, making spatiality a fundamental component for understanding the dynamics of commercialization. The main objective is to understand how the marketing circuits of organic farmers linked to the Central of Associations of Organic Farmers of the South of Minas (OSM) are organized and whether they enable an alternative of production and sale of organic products in the context of capitalist society The theoretical basis mainly dealt with the concepts of alternative food networks and their hybridization with the conventional system, proximity between production and consumption, short circuits of commercialization; it was verified how agriculture develops in the mesoregion of interest and how Agroecology can manifest itself as an alternative; then, the focus was on knowing the profile of farmers of the OSM and how the marketing circuits of some farmers and collectives are organized. The research had a qualitative approach and observation, maps, semi-structured interviews and bibliographic and documentary research were used to analyze these circuits. It was found that most products are demanded by large consumer centers such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and the local market is only complementary in the flow of the interviewees' production. More important than selling on local short circuits is the collective organization and diversification of the food supply chain, with intermediaries that fairly value organic production.
Agribusiness is a commodity-producing model, which creates disconnections between producers and consumers and deepens inequalities in the countryside, in addition to promoting environmental degradation. Several alternatives appear to mitigate these negative consequences. In agricultural practice, Agroecology is one of them. Applied to its principles, a more balanced form of production is reached than the conventional one. But to stay in business, organic farmers must commercialize their production, which in Brazilian legislation can only be achieved through certification. Two other alternatives are more relevant for the family farmer: in marketing, alternative food networks and in certification, participative certification. However, commercialization that shortens the distances between producers and consumers must be analyzed according to the geographical context of these actors, making spatiality a fundamental component for understanding the dynamics of commercialization. The main objective is to understand how the marketing circuits of organic farmers linked to the Central of Associations of Organic Farmers of the South of Minas (OSM) are organized and whether they enable an alternative of production and sale of organic products in the context of capitalist society The theoretical basis mainly dealt with the concepts of alternative food networks and their hybridization with the conventional system, proximity between production and consumption, short circuits of commercialization; it was verified how agriculture develops in the mesoregion of interest and how Agroecology can manifest itself as an alternative; then, the focus was on knowing the profile of farmers of the OSM and how the marketing circuits of some farmers and collectives are organized. The research had a qualitative approach and observation, maps, semi-structured interviews and bibliographic and documentary research were used to analyze these circuits. It was found that most products are demanded by large consumer centers such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and the local market is only complementary in the flow of the interviewees' production. More important than selling on local short circuits is the collective organization and diversification of the food supply chain, with intermediaries that fairly value organic production.
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Palavras-chave
Agroecology, Organic commercialization, Alternative food networks, Spatiality, Agroecologia, Comercialização de orgânicos, Redes alimentares alternativas, Espacialidade