Detecção e avaliação de anticorpos para Leishmania spp., em doadores de sangue de Hemonúcleo de área endêmica para a leishmaniose visceral no estado da Paraíba, Brasil
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Data
2021-01-19
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em função do risco de transmissão da leishmaniose visceral (LV) por meio de transfusão sanguínea, particularmente em áreas endêmicas para a doença, e pelo fato de a doença não se encontrar listada naquelas pesquisadas antes da doação de componentes sanguíneos, no presente o objetivo foi pesquisar a presença de anticorpos para Leishmania spp., pela técnica de ELISA, em doadores de sangue de um Hemonúcleo situado em área endêmica para LV no Nordeste do Brasil. Entre os 300 indivíduos avaliados, 145 (48,33%) foram considerados infectados por Leishmania spp. Destes, 99 (68,27%) eram do sexo masculino,46 (31,729%) do sexo feminino, 11 (7,58%) possuíam entre 18 e 19 anos, 130 (89,65%) entre 20 e 59 anos e 4(2,75%) tinham mais de 60 anos. Quanto à área de residência, 108 (74,48%) eram provenientes da zona urbana e 37 (25,51%) da rural. Assim, não foi observada associação estatisticamente significante entre a presença de anticorpos para Leishmania spp. e o sexo (p=0,61), faixa etária (p= 0,82) ou local de residência (p= 0,85). A análise destes dados não permitiu confirmar a ocorrência de transmissão transfusional de LV, uma vez que a simples sorologia positiva não implica a presença das leishmanias viáveis no sangue periférico. Porém, também não é possível anular este risco potencial. Testes de rotina devem ser implementados nos hemocentros, para excluir doadores soropositivos para Leishmania spp., aumentando a segurança dos pacientes que recebem este sangue.
Due to the risk of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) through blood transfusion, particularly in areas endemic for the disease, and because the disease was not listed in those surveyed before the donation of blood components, the present study had the aim to investigate the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies, using the ELISA technique, in blood donors from a blood center located in an endemic area for VL in Northeast Brazil. Of the 300 individuals evaluated, 145 (48.33%) were considered infected by Leishmania spp. Of these,99(68.27%) were male,46(31,72%) female, 11(7.58%) were between 18 and 19 years old, 130(89.65%) were between 20 and 59 years old and 4 (2.75%) were over 60 years old. As for the area of residence, 108(74.48%) came from urban areas and 37(25.51%) from rural areas. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and sex (p = 0.61), age group (p = 0.82) or place of residence (p = 0.85). These data did not allow confirming the occurrence of LV transfusion transmission, since simple positive serology does not imply the presence of viable leishmanias in peripheral blood. However, it is also not possible to rule out this potential risk. Routine tests should be implemented in blood centers to exclude seropositive donors for Leishmania spp., increasing the safety of patients receiving blood.
Due to the risk of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) through blood transfusion, particularly in areas endemic for the disease, and because the disease was not listed in those surveyed before the donation of blood components, the present study had the aim to investigate the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies, using the ELISA technique, in blood donors from a blood center located in an endemic area for VL in Northeast Brazil. Of the 300 individuals evaluated, 145 (48.33%) were considered infected by Leishmania spp. Of these,99(68.27%) were male,46(31,72%) female, 11(7.58%) were between 18 and 19 years old, 130(89.65%) were between 20 and 59 years old and 4 (2.75%) were over 60 years old. As for the area of residence, 108(74.48%) came from urban areas and 37(25.51%) from rural areas. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and sex (p = 0.61), age group (p = 0.82) or place of residence (p = 0.85). These data did not allow confirming the occurrence of LV transfusion transmission, since simple positive serology does not imply the presence of viable leishmanias in peripheral blood. However, it is also not possible to rule out this potential risk. Routine tests should be implemented in blood centers to exclude seropositive donors for Leishmania spp., increasing the safety of patients receiving blood.
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Palavras-chave
Leishmania infantum, Transfusão de sangue, Sorologia, ELISA, Blood transfusion, Serology