Especiação x Especiação críptica: o caso de Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
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2021-01-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Triatoma sordida é uma espécie endêmica da América do Sul, distribuída no Brasil, na Argentina, na Bolívia, no Paraguai e no Uruguai. Diversos estudos (cromossômicos, meióticos, isoenzimáticos e moleculares) sinalizaram polimorfismo e sugeriram que tenha ocorrido o fenômeno de especiação críptica em T. sordida, destacando que existem, pelo menos, duas possíveis espécies diferentes associadas à T. sordida sensu stricto, a saber, T. sordida Argentina (descrito recentemente como T. rosai) e T. sordida La Paz. Levando em consideração que o conceito de especiação críptica está pautado em espécies morfologicamente indistinguíveis que foram classificadas dentro de apenas um táxon nominal e, principalmente, que existem vários erros associados com a caracterização de espécies crípticas, a avaliação subjetiva das similaridades morfológicas e a falta de utilização de abordagens combinadas pode resultam na caracterização errônea desses táxons. Embora os estudos assumam que o processo de especiação que suporta a diferenciação de espécies dentro de T. sordida seja resultado da especiação críptica, estudos morfológicos são necessários para comprovar esse evento evolutivo, pois a única comparação morfológica entre T. sordida do Brasil, da Bolívia e da Argentina (T. rosai) foi realizada a partir da morfometria geométrica da asa. Diante disso, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar a diversidade e descrever as características fenotípicas de T. sordida proveniente da Bolívia, Brasil, Paraguai e T. rosai (populações anteriormente consideradas como T. sordida da Argentina). Análises morfológicas e morfométricas foram realizadas e diferenças morfológicas no tórax e na genitália externa feminina, bem como diferenças morfométricas nas estruturas do tórax, abdômen, pronoto, escutelo e da cabeça foram observadas entre as populações alopátricas de T. sordida e T. rosai. Com base no exposto, fica evidente que o processo evolutivo que sustenta, até o momento, as divergências observadas para T. sordida não se fundamenta em especiação críptica.
Triatoma sordida is an endemic species in South America, distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Chromosomal, molecular, isoenzimatic, and cuticular hydrocarbon pattern studies indicated polymorphisms and suggested cryptic speciation in T. sordida, highlighting that there are at least two possible different species associated with T. sordida sensu stricto, named T. sordida Argentina (recently described as T. rosai) and T. sordida La Paz. Considering the concept of cryptic species/speciation, based on morphologically indistinguishable species classified within only a nominal taxon, and the many mistakes associated with cryptic species characterization, the subjective evaluation of morphological similarities and lack of combined approaches may lead to the wrong characterization of these taxa. Although all authors assume that the speciation process supporting these differentiations in T. sordida is the result of cryptic speciation, further morphological and/or morphometric studies are necessary to prove the application of this evolutionary event, since the only comparison made among T. sordida from Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina (T. rosai) analyzed the wing morphometric geometry. Based on this, the present dissertation aimed to describe phenotypical characteristics of T. sordida from Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and T. rosai (populations previously considered to be T. sordida from Argentina) to assess if the cryptic speciation is indeed the evolutionary event responsible for the possible new taxa differentiation associated with T. sordida. Morphological and morphometric analyses were performed and morphological differences in the thorax and female external, as well as morphometric differences in the head, thorax, abdomen, pronotum, and scutellum structures, were observed among the allopatric populations of T. sordida and T. rosai. Based on this, is evident that the evolutionary process that supports, so far, the divergences observed for T. sordida is not cryptic speciation.
Triatoma sordida is an endemic species in South America, distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Chromosomal, molecular, isoenzimatic, and cuticular hydrocarbon pattern studies indicated polymorphisms and suggested cryptic speciation in T. sordida, highlighting that there are at least two possible different species associated with T. sordida sensu stricto, named T. sordida Argentina (recently described as T. rosai) and T. sordida La Paz. Considering the concept of cryptic species/speciation, based on morphologically indistinguishable species classified within only a nominal taxon, and the many mistakes associated with cryptic species characterization, the subjective evaluation of morphological similarities and lack of combined approaches may lead to the wrong characterization of these taxa. Although all authors assume that the speciation process supporting these differentiations in T. sordida is the result of cryptic speciation, further morphological and/or morphometric studies are necessary to prove the application of this evolutionary event, since the only comparison made among T. sordida from Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina (T. rosai) analyzed the wing morphometric geometry. Based on this, the present dissertation aimed to describe phenotypical characteristics of T. sordida from Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and T. rosai (populations previously considered to be T. sordida from Argentina) to assess if the cryptic speciation is indeed the evolutionary event responsible for the possible new taxa differentiation associated with T. sordida. Morphological and morphometric analyses were performed and morphological differences in the thorax and female external, as well as morphometric differences in the head, thorax, abdomen, pronotum, and scutellum structures, were observed among the allopatric populations of T. sordida and T. rosai. Based on this, is evident that the evolutionary process that supports, so far, the divergences observed for T. sordida is not cryptic speciation.
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Triatomíneos, Morfologia, Morfometria, Doença de Chagas, Triatomines, Morphology, Morphometry, Chagas disease