Análise crítica das ações reparatórias decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho julgadas pelo Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 15ª Região no período de 11/11/2015 a 10/11/2017
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Data
2021-02-22
Autores
Arruda, Rodrigo Chavari de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo explorou decisões judiciais em ações reparatórias por acidentes de trabalho típicos e de trajeto julgadas pelo Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 15ª Região no período de 11/11/2015 a 10/11/2017, os dois anos que antecederam a entrada em vigor da Reforma Trabalhista. O foco do estudo esteve na identificação dos tipos de decisões, de aspectos de sua construção, das razões associadas às decisões e de suas possíveis relações com as concepções de acidentes, se as ditas tradicionais ou se as apontadas como organizacionais ou sistêmicas. Resultados. Foram identificadas 1.641 decisões no banco de dados do Tribunal. 559 formaram a casuística deste estudo sendo 497 (30,3%) por acidentes típicos e 62 (3,8%) por casos de trajeto. Foram excluídas do estudo decisões relativas a 526 (32,1%) não reparatórias e 556 por doenças. Em 406 dos 559 casos houve perícia, cujas conclusões foram seguidas na decisão judicial em 350 casos. A ação foi considerada improcedente em 284 (50,8%) casos, parcialmente procedente em 270 e procedente em 5 (0,9%). Em 531 casos o Tribunal manteve a fundamentação da sentença de primeira instância. Dos casos em que a reclamação foi considerada procedente ou parcialmente procedente, em 191 a decisão foi baseada na responsabilidade subjetiva e, em 84, na objetiva. O uso dessa última categoria se mostra crescente atingindo 20% em 5 das 11 Câmaras do TRT. Chamou a atenção que em 188 casos em que a reclamação foi julgada improcedente a justificativa adotada foi “falta de provas” da existência de dano ou de nexo causal. Razões processuais ainda aparecerem em 31 casos em que a decisão se deu por prescrição. Somadas essas duas categorias mostram que as decisões de improcedência aparecem como mais relacionadas a razões processuais do que aquelas que explicam o acidente como evento individual e por culpa da vítima. Esse achado precisa ser melhor investigado em estudos com acesso a detalhes das decisões periciais assumidas nas decisões. Afinal, a alegação de falta de provas pode estar relacionada ao predomínio de perícias que não adotam cuidados atualmente preconizados de apoio em conceitos guias destacados na literatura de acidentes. Também mereceu destaque que a “culpa exclusiva da vítima” tenha sido adotada em 44 (7,9%) casos e que a categoria ato inseguro tinha sido adotada em apenas 7 (1,3%) casos.
This study explored judicial decisions in reparatory actions for typical occupational accidents and commuting judged by the Regional Labor Court of the 15th Region in the period from 11/11/2015 to 11/11/2017, the two years preceding the entry Labor Reform. The focus of the study was on identifying the types of decisions, aspects of their construction, reasons associated with the decisions and their possible relations with the conceptions of accidents, whether the traditional ones or whether those identified as organizational or systemic. Results. 1,641 decisions were identified in the Court's database. 559 formed the casuistry of this study, with 497 (30.3%) due to typical accidents and 62 (3.8%) due to commuting cases. Decisions related to 526 (32.1%) non-reparative and 556 due to diseases were excluded from the study. In 406 of the 559 cases there was an expert opinion, the conclusions of which were followed in the judicial decision in 350 cases. The action was considered unfounded in 284 (50.8%) cases, partially proceeding in 270 and totally proceeding in 5 (0.9%). In 531 cases, the Court maintained the grounds for the first instance judgment. The cases totally proceeding or partially proceeding, in 191 the decision was based on subjective responsibility and, in 84, on objective. The use of this category is increasing, reaching 20% in 5 of the 11 Chambers of the TRT. It drew attention that in 188 cases in which the action was considered unfounded, the justification adopted was “lack of evidence” of the existence of damage or a causal link. Procedural reasons still appear in 31 cases where the decision was made by prescription. Taken together, these two categories show that the unfounded decisions appear to be more related to procedural reasons than those that explain the accident as an individual event and due to the victim's culpability. This finding needs to be further investigated in studies with access to details of the expert decisions. After all, the allegation of lack of evidence may be related to the predominance of expertise that does not adopt care currently recommended for support in guiding concepts highlighted in the accident literature. It was also emphasis that the “exclusive victim's culpability” was adopted in 44 (7.9%) cases and unsafe act had been adopted in only 7 (1.3%) cases.
This study explored judicial decisions in reparatory actions for typical occupational accidents and commuting judged by the Regional Labor Court of the 15th Region in the period from 11/11/2015 to 11/11/2017, the two years preceding the entry Labor Reform. The focus of the study was on identifying the types of decisions, aspects of their construction, reasons associated with the decisions and their possible relations with the conceptions of accidents, whether the traditional ones or whether those identified as organizational or systemic. Results. 1,641 decisions were identified in the Court's database. 559 formed the casuistry of this study, with 497 (30.3%) due to typical accidents and 62 (3.8%) due to commuting cases. Decisions related to 526 (32.1%) non-reparative and 556 due to diseases were excluded from the study. In 406 of the 559 cases there was an expert opinion, the conclusions of which were followed in the judicial decision in 350 cases. The action was considered unfounded in 284 (50.8%) cases, partially proceeding in 270 and totally proceeding in 5 (0.9%). In 531 cases, the Court maintained the grounds for the first instance judgment. The cases totally proceeding or partially proceeding, in 191 the decision was based on subjective responsibility and, in 84, on objective. The use of this category is increasing, reaching 20% in 5 of the 11 Chambers of the TRT. It drew attention that in 188 cases in which the action was considered unfounded, the justification adopted was “lack of evidence” of the existence of damage or a causal link. Procedural reasons still appear in 31 cases where the decision was made by prescription. Taken together, these two categories show that the unfounded decisions appear to be more related to procedural reasons than those that explain the accident as an individual event and due to the victim's culpability. This finding needs to be further investigated in studies with access to details of the expert decisions. After all, the allegation of lack of evidence may be related to the predominance of expertise that does not adopt care currently recommended for support in guiding concepts highlighted in the accident literature. It was also emphasis that the “exclusive victim's culpability” was adopted in 44 (7.9%) cases and unsafe act had been adopted in only 7 (1.3%) cases.
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Decisões judiciais, Acidentes de trabalho, Indenização, Reparação de danos, Ressarcimento, Ações reparatórias, Judicial decisions, Work accidents, Indemnity, Damage repair, Refund, Reparatory actions