Experiências de trabalho de extensão rural no noroeste paulista e a pnater: a visão dos extensionistas e dos agricultores familiares.
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Data
2022-08-23
Autores
Paula, Gláucia Luciane Cham Menezes Cândido de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa que originou essa tese analisou experiências consideradas mais relevantes em termos de qualidade do trabalho extensionista, investigando se tais experiências se aproximam (ou não) dos princípios e objetivos da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (PNATER), de 2010, na Microrregião Geográfica de Fernandópolis-SP. Inicialmente foram coletadas indicações, de trabalhos/projetos de extensão rural que mais se destacavam quanto à qualidade, desenvolvidos com o público abrangido pela PNATER. A seleção, das quatro experiências de extensão rural da referida Microrregião e que envolveram sete extensionistas (pois três atuaram no mesmo projeto), foi realizada a partir de indicações das instituições de extensão rural, representantes dos agricultores familiares e de outras entidades. Utilizou-se a entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, com o intuito de conhecer cada experiência de forma ampla, além de verificar possíveis relações com os princípios e objetivos da PNATER. Após a primeira etapa do trabalho foi selecionada a Associação dos Pequenos Produtores Rurais Assentamento Santa Rita (Populina/Turmalina), que participaram do Projeto Microbacias II, e aplicado um questionário junto a 33 agricultores associados, com o objetivo de analisar a visão dos agricultores sobre o trabalho de extensão em estudo, além comparar com os princípios e objetivos da PNATER. A análise evidenciou que em todos os trabalhos/projetos buscou-se a participação do público, mas com pouca diversidade de métodos, devido à dificuldade dos extensionistas em adotarem metodologias que envolvem maior participação do público (dinâmicas de grupo). Também foram pouco frequentes ou estavam ausentes conteúdos referente ao sistema de produção de base ecológica, compartilhamento de saberes (científico/tradicional) e temas transversais como a equidade de gênero. Os agricultores reconhecem o esforço dos extensionistas para que participassem do processo de discussão e definição do projeto, assim como a utilidade e importância dos bens adquiridos. Ressentiram com a descontinuidade do trabalho de extensão rural em função do recuo de algumas políticas públicas e do advento da pandemia, que tornou inviável até mesmo as reuniões entre os associados. Todos os trabalhos trataram de mais de um princípio e alguns objetivos presentes na PNATER, mas sem estarem articulados de modo efetivo para atender o Princípio I e o Objetivo I da PNATER as quais tratam do desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Concluiu-se que a formação incompleta e/ou a não atualização dos extensionistas (não conhecem a Lei), tanto em termos de conteúdo quanto à perspectiva humanista crítica, que serviu de base para a elaboração dos princípios e objetivos da PNATER, pode ser um dos motivos de tais dificuldades e de algumas lacunas temáticas nas experiências estudadas.
The research that originated this thesis analyzed experiences considered more relevant in terms of the quality of extension work, investigating whether such experiences are close (or not) to the principles and objectives of the National Policy for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER), of 2010, in Geographic Microregion of Fernandópolis-SP. Initially, indications were collected from rural extension works/projects that stood out the most in terms of quality, developed with the public covered by the PNATER. The selection of the four rural extension experiences in the aforementioned Microregion, which involved seven extension workers (since three worked on the same project), was carried out based on indications from rural extension institutions, representatives of family farmers and other entities. The interview with a semi-structured script was used, in order to get to know each experience in a broad way, in addition to verifying possible relationships with the principles and objectives of PNATER. After the first stage of the work, the Association of Small Rural Producers Assentamento Santa Rita (Populina/Turmalina) was selected, which participated in the Microbacias II Project, and a questionnaire was applied to 33 associated farmers, with the objective of analyzing the farmers' view on the extension work under study, in addition to comparing with the principles and objectives of PNATER. The analysis showed that in all the works/projects the participation of the public was sought, but with little diversity of methods, due to the difficulty of extensionists in adopting methodologies that involve greater public participation (group dynamics). Content referring to the ecologically based production system, knowledge sharing (scientific/traditional) and transversal themes such as gender equity were also infrequent or absent. Farmers recognize the efforts of extension workers to participate in the process of discussing and defining the project, as well as the usefulness and importance of the acquired goods. They resented the discontinuity of rural extension work due to the retreat of some public policies and the advent of the pandemic, which made even meetings between associates unfeasible. All works dealt with more than one principle and some objectives present in PNATER, but without being effectively articulated to meet Principle I and Objective I of PNATER, which deal with sustainable rural development. It was concluded that the incomplete training and/or non-updating of extension workers (they do not know the Law), both in terms of content and the critical humanist perspective, which served as the basis for the elaboration of the principles and objectives of the PNATER, can be a the reasons for such difficulties and some thematic gaps in the experiences studied.
The research that originated this thesis analyzed experiences considered more relevant in terms of the quality of extension work, investigating whether such experiences are close (or not) to the principles and objectives of the National Policy for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER), of 2010, in Geographic Microregion of Fernandópolis-SP. Initially, indications were collected from rural extension works/projects that stood out the most in terms of quality, developed with the public covered by the PNATER. The selection of the four rural extension experiences in the aforementioned Microregion, which involved seven extension workers (since three worked on the same project), was carried out based on indications from rural extension institutions, representatives of family farmers and other entities. The interview with a semi-structured script was used, in order to get to know each experience in a broad way, in addition to verifying possible relationships with the principles and objectives of PNATER. After the first stage of the work, the Association of Small Rural Producers Assentamento Santa Rita (Populina/Turmalina) was selected, which participated in the Microbacias II Project, and a questionnaire was applied to 33 associated farmers, with the objective of analyzing the farmers' view on the extension work under study, in addition to comparing with the principles and objectives of PNATER. The analysis showed that in all the works/projects the participation of the public was sought, but with little diversity of methods, due to the difficulty of extensionists in adopting methodologies that involve greater public participation (group dynamics). Content referring to the ecologically based production system, knowledge sharing (scientific/traditional) and transversal themes such as gender equity were also infrequent or absent. Farmers recognize the efforts of extension workers to participate in the process of discussing and defining the project, as well as the usefulness and importance of the acquired goods. They resented the discontinuity of rural extension work due to the retreat of some public policies and the advent of the pandemic, which made even meetings between associates unfeasible. All works dealt with more than one principle and some objectives present in PNATER, but without being effectively articulated to meet Principle I and Objective I of PNATER, which deal with sustainable rural development. It was concluded that the incomplete training and/or non-updating of extension workers (they do not know the Law), both in terms of content and the critical humanist perspective, which served as the basis for the elaboration of the principles and objectives of the PNATER, can be a the reasons for such difficulties and some thematic gaps in the experiences studied.
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Palavras-chave
Métodos de extensão rural, Participação, Lei de ater, Políticas públicas, Agricultura familiar, Rural extension methods, Participation, Ater law, Public policy, Family farming