Resíduos sólidos urbanos em Anhumas – São Paulo – Brasil: proposta para implantação de usina de compostagem da fração orgânica
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Data
2022-09-08
Autores
Vincoleto, Gisele Santos Raminelli
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os resíduos sólidos aliados aos hábitos de consumo e crescimento populacional vêm se apresentando como problema para as cidades atualmente, bem como ao poder público no qual se apresenta como o responsável para realizar as etapas de gestão e gerenciamento. Estes resíduos sólidos urbanos são compostos por diferentes classificações, porém conforme os dados apresentados pelas gravimetrias tanto em nível nacional como apresentado nos planos de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos dos municípios, a maior fração apresentada é composta por matéria orgânica. Em Anhumas, cidade de pequeno porte do estado de São Paulo, não foi diferente, a composição gravimétrica de seus resíduos apresentou a matéria orgânica como 66% do total, visto que nesta cidade há coleta seletiva atuante desde 2013, viu-se a necessidade de propor uma forma para tratar a matéria orgânica. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é apresentar a proposição para implantação do tratamento da fração orgânica presente nos resíduos sólidos urbanos, pelo método da compostagem visando a contribuir com o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos do município de Anhumas SP. Tendo como base legal a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, a compostagem surge como uma alternativa viável para o tratamento da fração orgânica presente nestes resíduos, aliada à coleta seletiva tende a apresentar bons resultados à gestão dos resíduos. A compostagem é definida como processo de decomposição biológica da fração orgânica biodegradável dos resíduos, efetuado por uma população diversificada de organismos, em condições controladas de aerobiose e demais parâmetros, dentre as formas de realização da compostagem o método de leiras revolvidas se apresenta como melhor alternativa de acordo com as características locais. Para isto foi feito um projeto, que ao ser submetido ao edital do Fundo Estadual de Defesa dos Interesses Difusos – FID, o município foi contemplado com recursos financeiros para executar a proposta apresentada neste trabalho, por isto o mesmo foi intitulado como proposta, pois não foi concluído, porém foi possível realizar testes operacionais para montagem da leira, para identificação das demandas operacionais. Os testes são apresentados nesta proposta como forma de mostrar que é possível realizar a compostagem mesmo em municípios de pequeno porte e servir de modelo para os demais interessados em reduzir a quantidade de resíduos que são destinados aos aterros, no caso de Anhumas, o aterro controlado em valas. Associada a esta proposta de realizar a compostagem, a educação ambiental deve ser inserida como instrumento muito importante no qual auxilia o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos.
Solid waste allied to consumption habits and population growth have been presenting themselves as a problem for cities today, as well as for the public power in which it presents itself as responsible for carrying out the management and management stages. These urban solid wastes are composed of different classifications, however according to the data presented by the gravimetry both at the national level and presented in the municipal solid waste management plans, the largest fraction presented is composed of organic matter. In Anhumas, a small city in the state of São Paulo, it was no different, the gravimetric composition of its waste presented the organic matter as 66% of the total, since in this city there is selective collection active since 2013, there was a need to propose a way to treat organic matter. The general objective of this work is to present a proposal for the implementation of the treatment of the organic fraction present in urban solid waste, by the composting method, in order to contribute to the management of solid waste in the municipality of Anhumas SP. Based on the National Solid Waste Policy as a legal basis, composting appears as a viable alternative for the treatment of the organic fraction present in these wastes, combined with selective collection tends to present good results in waste management. Composting is defined as a process of biological decomposition of the biodegradable organic fraction of waste, carried out by a diverse population of organisms, under controlled conditions of aerobiosis and other parameters. according to local characteristics. For this, a project was made, which, when submitted to the public notice of the State Fund for the Defense of Diffuse Interests - FID, the municipality was awarded with financial resources to execute the proposal presented in this work, for this reason it was titled as a proposal, because it was not was concluded, but it was possible to carry out operational tests for the assembly of the windrow, to identify the operational demands. The tests are presented in this proposal as a way to show that it is possible to carry out composting even in small municipalities and serve as a model for others interested in reducing the amount of waste that is destined for landfills, in the case of Anhumas, the controlled landfill in ditches. Associated with this proposal to carry out composting, environmental education must be inserted as a very important instrument in which it helps the management of solid waste.
Solid waste allied to consumption habits and population growth have been presenting themselves as a problem for cities today, as well as for the public power in which it presents itself as responsible for carrying out the management and management stages. These urban solid wastes are composed of different classifications, however according to the data presented by the gravimetry both at the national level and presented in the municipal solid waste management plans, the largest fraction presented is composed of organic matter. In Anhumas, a small city in the state of São Paulo, it was no different, the gravimetric composition of its waste presented the organic matter as 66% of the total, since in this city there is selective collection active since 2013, there was a need to propose a way to treat organic matter. The general objective of this work is to present a proposal for the implementation of the treatment of the organic fraction present in urban solid waste, by the composting method, in order to contribute to the management of solid waste in the municipality of Anhumas SP. Based on the National Solid Waste Policy as a legal basis, composting appears as a viable alternative for the treatment of the organic fraction present in these wastes, combined with selective collection tends to present good results in waste management. Composting is defined as a process of biological decomposition of the biodegradable organic fraction of waste, carried out by a diverse population of organisms, under controlled conditions of aerobiosis and other parameters. according to local characteristics. For this, a project was made, which, when submitted to the public notice of the State Fund for the Defense of Diffuse Interests - FID, the municipality was awarded with financial resources to execute the proposal presented in this work, for this reason it was titled as a proposal, because it was not was concluded, but it was possible to carry out operational tests for the assembly of the windrow, to identify the operational demands. The tests are presented in this proposal as a way to show that it is possible to carry out composting even in small municipalities and serve as a model for others interested in reducing the amount of waste that is destined for landfills, in the case of Anhumas, the controlled landfill in ditches. Associated with this proposal to carry out composting, environmental education must be inserted as a very important instrument in which it helps the management of solid waste.
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Palavras-chave
Resíduos sólidos urbanos, Compostagem, Coleta seletiva, Urban solid waste, Composting, Selective collection