Ação de curatela na jurisprudência dos Tribunais de Justiça de Minas Gerais e São Paulo após o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência
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2022-11-30
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Historicamente o sistema jurídico-civil brasileiro considerou as pessoas com deficiência intelectual como incapazes, ocorrendo a restrição do exercício dos seus direitos por meio do sistema de incapacidades e do instituto da curatela. Todavia este cenário começou a se alterar com o advento do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência (EPD), o qual retirou a deficiência como um dos critérios para declaração de incapacidade e trouxe determinação de que a curatela pode ser decretada apenas para os atos de caráter patrimonial e negocial. Estas novas disposições geraram críticas e dúvidas, em razão da declaração de incapacidade ser considerada como uma forma de proteção jurídica. Ademais, aumentando as dúvidas em relação à aplicação deste novo sistema, o Código Processo Civil possui disposições em certos pontos divergentes daquelas do EPD quanto à curatela, o que gera uma antinomia jurídica. De tal modo, o objetivo principal do presente trabalho é observar como o instituto da curatela tem sido aplicado, com vistas a identificar o entendimento majoritário da jurisprudência em estudo e propor possíveis caminhos legislativos. Para tal, a presente investigação se utiliza das metodologias de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, esta última pelo método qualitativo de procedimento, e as anteriores pelas abordagens histórica e dedutiva. Os resultados do presente trabalho apontam que embora ainda haja dúvidas em relação a como se aplicar os novos parâmetros da teoria das incapacidades e do instituto da curatela, a jurisprudência tem buscado se adequar às novas disposições de um modo que garanta proteção jurídica às pessoas curateladas.
Historically, the Brazilian civil law system considered people with intellectual disabilities as incapable, restricting the exercise of their rights through the incapacity system and the guardianship institute. However, this scenario started to change with the advent of the Statute of People with Disability (SPD), which removed the disability as one of the criteria for the declaration of incapacity and brought a determination that the guardianship may be declared only for acts of a patrimonial and business nature. These new determinations have generated criticism and doubts, because the declaration of incapacity is considered a form of legal protection. Moreover, increasing the doubts regarding the application of this new system, the Code of Civil Procedure has provisions in certain points diverging from those of the SPD regarding guardianship, which creates a legal antinomy. Thus, the main objective of the present work is to observe how the guardiansho institute has been applied, in order to identify the majority understanding of the jurisprudence under study and propose possible legislative paths. To this end, this investigation uses the bibliographical, documental, and empirical research methodologies, the latter by the qualitative method of procedure, and the former by the historical and deductive approaches. The results of the present work indicates that although there is still doubts about how to apply the new parameters of the theory of incapacities and the institute of guardianship, the jurisprudence has sought to adapt to the new provisions in a way that guarantees legal protection to people under guardianship.
Historically, the Brazilian civil law system considered people with intellectual disabilities as incapable, restricting the exercise of their rights through the incapacity system and the guardianship institute. However, this scenario started to change with the advent of the Statute of People with Disability (SPD), which removed the disability as one of the criteria for the declaration of incapacity and brought a determination that the guardianship may be declared only for acts of a patrimonial and business nature. These new determinations have generated criticism and doubts, because the declaration of incapacity is considered a form of legal protection. Moreover, increasing the doubts regarding the application of this new system, the Code of Civil Procedure has provisions in certain points diverging from those of the SPD regarding guardianship, which creates a legal antinomy. Thus, the main objective of the present work is to observe how the guardiansho institute has been applied, in order to identify the majority understanding of the jurisprudence under study and propose possible legislative paths. To this end, this investigation uses the bibliographical, documental, and empirical research methodologies, the latter by the qualitative method of procedure, and the former by the historical and deductive approaches. The results of the present work indicates that although there is still doubts about how to apply the new parameters of the theory of incapacities and the institute of guardianship, the jurisprudence has sought to adapt to the new provisions in a way that guarantees legal protection to people under guardianship.
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Incapacidade civil, Curatela, Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência, Código de Processo Civil, Pesquisa empírica, Civil incapacity, Guardianship, Statute of People with Disability, Code of Civil Procedure, Empirical research