Enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 pelo Governo Federal Brasileiro e as consequências para a classe trabalhadora
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2022-11-29
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A presente pesquisa de Dissertação de Mestrado teve como objetivo analisar as ações de enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 pelo governo federal brasileiro, particularmente no que tange às medidas relacionadas às políticas de emprego e da renda, de assistência social e de previdência social, e as consequências para a classe trabalhadora. Para isso partiu-se da compreensão do Estado e das políticas sociais no capitalismo contemporâneo, considerando as relações sociais de gênero, raça-etnia e classe, enquanto aspectos estruturantes da sociedade capitalista, particularmente na realidade da formação sócio-histórica brasileira, de capitalismo tardio e dependente, de colonialismo, patriarcado e escravidão de pessoas pretas. Para alcançar o objetivo, a escolha metodológica para a pesquisa foi a orientação pelo materialismo histórico-dialético, norteado pela ontologia do ser social, proposto pela teoria social de Marx. Nessa perspectiva, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica sistemática, com abordagem qualitativa. Inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico para a discussão teórica referente ao objeto de estudo Posteriormente foi realizado o levantamento documental a partir da análise dos atos normativos referentes as políticas de emprego e da renda, de assistência social e da previdência social, no site do portal do Planalto Legislação COVID-19, no período delimitado de março de 2020 a março de 2021; além do levantamento e seleção de notícias de jornais, artigos científicos, notas do DIEESE, a publicação Síntese dos Indicadores Sociais: uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira 2020 e 2021, dados no site do IBGE da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) Contínua de 2020 e do 1º trimestre de 2021, também utilizados na análise dos dados. O avanço da pandemia da COVID-19 amplia as consequências da prolongada crise capitalista iniciada em 2008 sobre a classe trabalhadora, na medida em que o enfrentamento à pandemia provocou uma queda no consumo e nas atividades econômicas. As consequências mais imediatas foram o aumento do desemprego e da precarização do trabalho, aumentando o número de pessoas em situação de pobreza e miséria. Conclui-se que as medidas tomadas pelo governo federal no enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 relacionadas as políticas de emprego e da renda, assistência social e previdência social, se mostraram insuficientes para fazer frente aos desafios e impactos sobre a classe trabalhadora, como o aumento das desigualdades sociais, do desemprego, da fome e da miséria que assolam o Brasil. Dessa forma, é urgente a responsabilização do governo federal brasileiro pelas consequências da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a classe trabalhadora, quando se somam mais de 688 mil mortes no Brasil, por uma doença que já existe vacina, e que poderia ter sido controlada através de uma coordenação nacional de enfrentamento à pandemia.
This Master's Dissertation research aimed to analyze the actions of the Brazilian federal government to face the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with regard to measures related to employment and income policies, social assistance and social security, and consequences for the working class. For this, it was based on the understanding of the State and social policies in contemporary capitalism, considering the social relations of gender, race-ethnicity and class, as structuring aspects of capitalist society, particularly in the reality of the Brazilian socio-historical formation, of late capitalism and dependent, of colonialism, patriarchy and slavery of black people. To reach the objective, the methodological choice for the research was the orientation by the historical-dialectical materialism, guided by the ontology of the social being, proposed by the social theory of Marx. From this perspective, a systematic documentary and bibliographical research was developed, with a qualitative approach. Initially, a bibliographical survey was carried out for the theoretical discussion related to the object of study. Subsequently, a documental survey was carried out from the analysis of normative acts referring to employment and income policies, social assistance and social security, on the website of the portal of the Plateau Legislation COVID-19, in the limited period from March 2020 to March 2021; in addition to the survey and selection of news from newspapers, scientific articles, DIEESE notes, the publication Síntese dos Indicadores Sociais: an analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population in 2020 and 2021, data on the IBGE website of the National Household Sample Survey ( PNAD) Continuous for 2020 and the 1st quarter of 2021, also used in data analysis. The advance of the COVID-19 pandemic amplifies the consequences of the prolonged capitalist crisis that began in 2008 on the working class, insofar as the confrontation with the pandemic caused a drop in consumption and economic activities. The most immediate consequences were the increase in unemployment and job insecurity, increasing the number of people in poverty and misery. It is concluded that the measures taken by the federal government to face the COVID-19 pandemic related to employment and income policies, social assistance and social security, proved to be insufficient to face the challenges and impacts on the working class, such as the increase in social inequalities, unemployment, hunger and misery that plague Brazil. In this way, it is urgent to hold the Brazilian federal government accountable for the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the working class, when there are more than 688 thousand deaths in Brazil, due to a disease that already has a vaccine, and that could have been controlled through of a national coordination to face the pandemic.
This Master's Dissertation research aimed to analyze the actions of the Brazilian federal government to face the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with regard to measures related to employment and income policies, social assistance and social security, and consequences for the working class. For this, it was based on the understanding of the State and social policies in contemporary capitalism, considering the social relations of gender, race-ethnicity and class, as structuring aspects of capitalist society, particularly in the reality of the Brazilian socio-historical formation, of late capitalism and dependent, of colonialism, patriarchy and slavery of black people. To reach the objective, the methodological choice for the research was the orientation by the historical-dialectical materialism, guided by the ontology of the social being, proposed by the social theory of Marx. From this perspective, a systematic documentary and bibliographical research was developed, with a qualitative approach. Initially, a bibliographical survey was carried out for the theoretical discussion related to the object of study. Subsequently, a documental survey was carried out from the analysis of normative acts referring to employment and income policies, social assistance and social security, on the website of the portal of the Plateau Legislation COVID-19, in the limited period from March 2020 to March 2021; in addition to the survey and selection of news from newspapers, scientific articles, DIEESE notes, the publication Síntese dos Indicadores Sociais: an analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population in 2020 and 2021, data on the IBGE website of the National Household Sample Survey ( PNAD) Continuous for 2020 and the 1st quarter of 2021, also used in data analysis. The advance of the COVID-19 pandemic amplifies the consequences of the prolonged capitalist crisis that began in 2008 on the working class, insofar as the confrontation with the pandemic caused a drop in consumption and economic activities. The most immediate consequences were the increase in unemployment and job insecurity, increasing the number of people in poverty and misery. It is concluded that the measures taken by the federal government to face the COVID-19 pandemic related to employment and income policies, social assistance and social security, proved to be insufficient to face the challenges and impacts on the working class, such as the increase in social inequalities, unemployment, hunger and misery that plague Brazil. In this way, it is urgent to hold the Brazilian federal government accountable for the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the working class, when there are more than 688 thousand deaths in Brazil, due to a disease that already has a vaccine, and that could have been controlled through of a national coordination to face the pandemic.
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Pandemias, COVID-19, Governo Federal, Trabalhadores, Pandemics, Federal government, Workers