Direito, potência e democracia em Espinosa
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2023-02-27
Autores
Uenaka, Viviane Mayumi Resende
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A investigação que se pretende neste trabalho aborda a construção da possibilidade de o regime democrático ser apontado por Espinosa como o mais natural dos regimes, visto que nele os homens são capazes de vivenciar, na medida do possível, a verdadeira felicidade, e experimentarem a alegria coletiva, justamente por exercerem de maneira mais efetiva o seu direito natural em harmonia com o direito natural da coletividade. Os direitos comuns estabelecidos pelo estado, especialmente o democrático, além de proporcionarem aos seus cidadãos concórdia e segurança, lhes permitem a expansão de suas potências, tornando-as tão fortes e tão unidas que formam a multidão. Cria-se, portanto, dessa união de potências, uma nova e intensa potência capaz de participar ativamente no governo. Por isso, pode-se mostrar segundo Espinosa que na democracia o poder e o direito de governar estão nas mãos da multidão. Toma-se como ponto de partida algumas questões metafisicas entre Descartes e Espinosa. Após percorridos esses preâmbulos metafísicos de Espinosa, que engendram a validade do seu sistema, passa-se a averiguar a teoria dos afetos, e como os homens são afetados a todo instante de suas vidas. Salientaremos o papel vital que os afetos exercem nos homens, e como são incorporados na vida civil, sobretudo na política. Nesse rumo, serão articulados vários conceitos-chave do pensamento de Espinosa, para assimilar melhor a fundamentação de sua política. Um dos pontos fulcrais é asseverar que a constituição e a manutenção do sistema político é estruturado de acordo com leis necessárias imanentes. E a compreensão dessas leis, segundo Espinosa, nos permite verificar de que maneira a democracia, sugerida como o regime mais natural, se evidencia por conservar dentro de um determinado limite, o direito natural e a liberdade do indivíduo, e como essa dinâmica se relaciona com os direitos dos homens.
The investigation that is intended in this work addresses the construction of the possibility of the democratic regime being pointed out by Spinoza as the most natural of regimes, since in it men are able to experience, as far as possible, true happiness, and experience joy collective, precisely because they more effectively exercise their natural right in harmony with the natural right of the collectivity. The common rights established by the state, especially the democratic one, in addition to providing its citizens with harmony and security, allow them to expand their powers, making them so strong and so united that they form the multitude. Therefore, from this union of powers, a new and intense power is created capable of actively participating in the government. Therefore, it can be shown according to Spinoza that in democracy the power and the right to govern are in the hands of the multitude. Some metaphysical issues between Descartes and Spinoza are taken as a starting point. After going through Spinoza's metaphysical preambles, which engender the validity of his system, we proceed to investigate the theory of affects, and how men are affected at every moment of their lives. We will emphasize the vital role that affections play in men, and how they are incorporated in civil life, especially in politics. In this direction, several key concepts of Spinoza's thought will be articulated, to better assimilate the foundation of his policy. One of the key points is to assert that the constitution and maintenance of the political system is structured according to immanent necessary laws. And the understanding of these laws, according to Espinosa, allows us to verify how democracy, suggested as the most natural regime, is evidenced by conserving, within a certain limit, the natural right and the freedom of the individual, and how this dynamic is related with the rights of men.
The investigation that is intended in this work addresses the construction of the possibility of the democratic regime being pointed out by Spinoza as the most natural of regimes, since in it men are able to experience, as far as possible, true happiness, and experience joy collective, precisely because they more effectively exercise their natural right in harmony with the natural right of the collectivity. The common rights established by the state, especially the democratic one, in addition to providing its citizens with harmony and security, allow them to expand their powers, making them so strong and so united that they form the multitude. Therefore, from this union of powers, a new and intense power is created capable of actively participating in the government. Therefore, it can be shown according to Spinoza that in democracy the power and the right to govern are in the hands of the multitude. Some metaphysical issues between Descartes and Spinoza are taken as a starting point. After going through Spinoza's metaphysical preambles, which engender the validity of his system, we proceed to investigate the theory of affects, and how men are affected at every moment of their lives. We will emphasize the vital role that affections play in men, and how they are incorporated in civil life, especially in politics. In this direction, several key concepts of Spinoza's thought will be articulated, to better assimilate the foundation of his policy. One of the key points is to assert that the constitution and maintenance of the political system is structured according to immanent necessary laws. And the understanding of these laws, according to Espinosa, allows us to verify how democracy, suggested as the most natural regime, is evidenced by conserving, within a certain limit, the natural right and the freedom of the individual, and how this dynamic is related with the rights of men.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direito, Democracia, Afetos, Potência, Política, Law, Democracy, Affections, Power, Politics
Como citar
UENAKA, Viviane Mayumi Resende. Direito, potência e democracia em Espinosa. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2023.