Produtividade, qualidade pós-colheita e nutricional da batata em função de supressão da irrigação e fertirrigação em clima tropical
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Data
2023-03-03
Autores
Viana, Jonathan dos Santos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento da preocupação da sociedade com as questões ambientais. No mundo atual, é cada vez mais recorrente a ocorrência de eventos climáticos adversos, no qual se destaca a má distribuição de chuvas ao longo do ano. Dessa forma, a ocorrência de deficiência hídrica durante o ciclo da batateira, poderá refletir negativamente em sua produção. Atrelado a isso, a baixa disponibilidade de água poderá afetar a absorção dos nutrientes presentes e/ou aplicados no solo. Essa pesquisa foi realizada objetivando avaliar o efeito da fertirrigação via irrigação por gotejamento associada a supressão na irrigação em determinados estádios fenológicos da cultura, e sua influência nos parâmetros morfológicos, fisiológicos, qualidade pós-colheita e nutricional da batata fritoleica. Foram realizados três experimentos em condições de campo e laboratório. Inicialmente, (I) foi avaliado o efeito de supressão da irrigação e fertirrigação na morfofisiologia e produtividade em plantas de batateira. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o efeito de supressão da irrigação sobre a qualidade pós-colheita (II) e nutricional (III) de tubérculos batata. O delineamento experimental utilizado no ensaio foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com 6 repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos de: três supressões da irrigação aos 80, 90 e 100 dias após plantio; e dois níveis de fertirrigação, fertirrigação seguindo a marcha de absorção da cultura e fertirrigação equivalente. A supressão da irrigação associada a fertirrigação equivalente reduziu a eficiência quântica do fotossistema dois, induzindo em baixa atividade fotossintética. O efeito da fertirrigação segundo a marcha de absorção da cultura foi eficiente no incremento em altura de plantas e permitiu efeitos benéficos quando se fez o uso do parcelamento do nitrogênio em cobertura. A interação da supressão da irrigação aos 100 dias após plantio associada à fertirrigação segundo a marcha de absorção da cultura, promoveu incremento suficiente na produtividade, porém maior eficiência do uso da água foi percebida para lâmina reduzida de irrigação, aos 80 dias após o plantio e fertirrigação segundo a marcha de absorção e equivalente. O manejo hídrico de irrigação e fertilização, causaram efeitos benéficos na qualidade físico-química de batata, aliviando os estresses ambientais e inerentes a própria cultura, além de favorecer a otimização da atividade fisiológica, minimizando as perdas de qualidade pós-colheita. A supressão da irrigação e fertirrigação segundo a marcha de absorção da cultura incrementaram os teores de macro e micronutrientes em tubérculos de batata, melhorando a qualidade nutricional pós-colheita. Espera-se que supressão da irrigação aos 100 dias após plantio e fertirrigação segundo a marcha de absorção da cultura sejam amplamente utilizadas nos sistemas de produção de batata para manter o suprimento global das necessidades de energia, carboidratos, presentes e futuras, mas com respeito a sustentabilidade aos recursos naturais.
In recent decades, there has been an increase in society's concern about environmental issues. In today's world, the occurrence of adverse climatic events is increasingly recurrent, in which the poor distribution of rainfall throughout the year stands out. Thus, the occurrence of water deficiency during the potato cycle may reflect negatively on its production. Linked to this, the low availability of water may affect the absorption of nutrients present and/or applied in the soil. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of fertigation via drip irrigation associated with suppression in irrigation at certain phenological stages of the crop, and its influence on the morphological, physiological, post-harvest and nutritional quality of the fries. Three experiments were carried out under field and laboratory conditions. Initially, (I) the effect of irrigation and fertigation suppression on morphophysiology and productivity in potato plants was evaluated. Subsequently, the effect of irrigation suppression on the post-harvest (II) and nutritional (III) quality of potato tubers was evaluated. The experimental design used in the assay was randomized blocks in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 6 replications, and the treatments consisted of: three irrigation suppressions at 80, 90 and 100 days after planting; and two levels of fertigation, fertigation following the march of crop absorption and equivalent fertigation. Irrigation suppression associated with equivalent fertigation reduced the quantum efficiency of photosystem two, inducing low photosynthetic activity. The effect of fertigation according to the rate of absorption of the crop was efficient in increasing the height of plants and allowed beneficial effects when using nitrogen splitting in cover. The interaction of irrigation suppression at 100 days after planting associated with fertigation according to the crop absorption march promoted a sufficient increase in productivity, but greater efficiency of water use was perceived for reduced irrigation depth, at 80 days after planting and fertigation according to the absorption gait and equivalent. The water management of irrigation and fertilization caused beneficial effects on the physicochemical quality of potatoes, relieving environmental stresses and inherent to the crop itself, in addition to favoring the optimization of physiological activity, minimizing post-harvest quality losses. The suppression of irrigation and fertigation according to the crop absorption march increased the macro and micronutrient contents in potato tubers, improving the post-harvest nutritional quality. It is expected that suppression of irrigation at 100 days after planting and fertigation according to the crop absorption march will be widely used in potato production systems to maintain the overall supply of energy, carbohydrate, present and future needs, but with respect to sustainability to natural resources.
In recent decades, there has been an increase in society's concern about environmental issues. In today's world, the occurrence of adverse climatic events is increasingly recurrent, in which the poor distribution of rainfall throughout the year stands out. Thus, the occurrence of water deficiency during the potato cycle may reflect negatively on its production. Linked to this, the low availability of water may affect the absorption of nutrients present and/or applied in the soil. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of fertigation via drip irrigation associated with suppression in irrigation at certain phenological stages of the crop, and its influence on the morphological, physiological, post-harvest and nutritional quality of the fries. Three experiments were carried out under field and laboratory conditions. Initially, (I) the effect of irrigation and fertigation suppression on morphophysiology and productivity in potato plants was evaluated. Subsequently, the effect of irrigation suppression on the post-harvest (II) and nutritional (III) quality of potato tubers was evaluated. The experimental design used in the assay was randomized blocks in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 6 replications, and the treatments consisted of: three irrigation suppressions at 80, 90 and 100 days after planting; and two levels of fertigation, fertigation following the march of crop absorption and equivalent fertigation. Irrigation suppression associated with equivalent fertigation reduced the quantum efficiency of photosystem two, inducing low photosynthetic activity. The effect of fertigation according to the rate of absorption of the crop was efficient in increasing the height of plants and allowed beneficial effects when using nitrogen splitting in cover. The interaction of irrigation suppression at 100 days after planting associated with fertigation according to the crop absorption march promoted a sufficient increase in productivity, but greater efficiency of water use was perceived for reduced irrigation depth, at 80 days after planting and fertigation according to the absorption gait and equivalent. The water management of irrigation and fertilization caused beneficial effects on the physicochemical quality of potatoes, relieving environmental stresses and inherent to the crop itself, in addition to favoring the optimization of physiological activity, minimizing post-harvest quality losses. The suppression of irrigation and fertigation according to the crop absorption march increased the macro and micronutrient contents in potato tubers, improving the post-harvest nutritional quality. It is expected that suppression of irrigation at 100 days after planting and fertigation according to the crop absorption march will be widely used in potato production systems to maintain the overall supply of energy, carbohydrate, present and future needs, but with respect to sustainability to natural resources.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fertirrigação, Batata, Irrigação, Fertilização de solos