Adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de genótipos de milho e sorgo em condições de segunda safra em balsas - maranhão
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2023-04-14
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de híbridos de milho e de sorgo semeados simultaneamente em seis épocas de semeadura na segunda safra na região nordeste do Brasil. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Sol Nascente, na Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Corredor de Exportação Norte, localizada na região de Balsas – MA. Foram conduzidos ensaios com sete híbridos de milho e sete híbridos de sorgo, semeados em seis épocas de semeadura no ano de 2021. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema de faixas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas por quatro linhas de 12 m de comprimento e espaçamento de 0,5 m entre si, totalizando 2,0 m de largura e 24 m2. A população de plantas foi de 60 mil plantas ha-1 para cultura do milho e 220 mil plantas ha-1 para cultura do sorgo. Na cultura do milho foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura da planta (cm); altura da espiga (cm) e produtividade de grãos. Na cultura do sorgo foram avaliadas: altura da planta (cm); altura do cacho (cm) e produtividade de grãos. Os genótipos foram avaliados por meio dos métodos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de Eberhart & Russell, Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns, AMMI (Additive Maineffects and Multiplicative Interaction), modelos mistos (REML/Blup) e GGE-Biplot. As diferentes épocas de semeadura afetaram as características avaliadas, principalmente a produtividade de grãos, onde, o atraso da semeadura acarretou em grande redução, tanto no milho quanto no sorgo. Para as duas culturas estudadas, as análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de Eberhart e Russel (1996), Lin & Binns, Annicchiarico, AMMI, GGE Biplot e REML/Blup entram em concordância com a seleção dos melhores genótipos e ambientes de cultivo. O melhor hibrido de milho dentro dos ambientes testados foi o P2970. Porém, os híbridos P3707 e P3754 também se destacaram quanto a adaptabilidade, estabilidade e altas médias de produtividade de grãos. Os genótipos de sorgo DKB540, GreenTec 327, AS4639 e 50A10 foram os que apresentaram as maiores médias de produtividade de grãos, boa estabilidade e adaptabilidade nos ambientes avaliados. As melhores épocas de semeadura foram a primeira (09 de fevereiro) e a segunda época (15 de fevereiro) para as duas culturas, sendo que o atraso provocou efeitos negativos nos genótipos testados, principalmente na produtividade de grãos.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of corn and sorghum hybrids sown simultaneously in six sowing dates in the second crop in northeastern Brazil. The experiments were conducted at Sol Nascente Farm, at the North Export Corridor Research Support Foundation, located in the region of Balsas – MA. Trials were carried out with seven corn hybrids and seven sorghum hybrids, sown in six sowing dates in the year 2021. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in strip scheme, with four replications. The experimental plots consisted of fourrows of 12 m in length and spaced 0.5 m apart, totaling 2.0 m in width and 24 m2 . The plant population was 60.000 plants ha-1 for corn and 220.000 plants ha-1 for sorghum. In the corn crop, the following traits were evaluated: plant height (cm); ear height (cm) and grain yield. In the sorghum crop, the following were evaluated: plant height (cm); bunch height (cm) and grain yield. The genotypes were evaluated using the adaptability and stability methods of Eberhart & Russell, Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns, AMMI (Additive Maineffects and Multiplicative Interaction), mixed models (REML/Blup) and GGE -Biplot. The different sowing dates affected the evaluated characteristics, mainly grain yield, where the delay in sowing led to a large reduction, both in corn and sorghum. For the two crops studied, the adaptability and stability analyze by Eberhart and Russel, Lin & Binns, Annicchiarico, AMMI, GGE Biplotand REML/Blup agree with the selection of the best genotypes and environments of cultivation. The best corn hybrid within thetested environments was P2970. However, hybrids P3707 and P3754 also stood out in terms of adaptability, stability and high grain yield averages. The sorghum genotypes DKB540, GreenTec 327, AS4639 and 50A10 were the ones that showed the highest grain yield averages, good stability and adaptability in the evaluated environments. The best sowing dates were the first (February 9) and the second (February 15) for both crops, and the delay caused negative effects on the tested genotypes, mainly on grain yield.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of corn and sorghum hybrids sown simultaneously in six sowing dates in the second crop in northeastern Brazil. The experiments were conducted at Sol Nascente Farm, at the North Export Corridor Research Support Foundation, located in the region of Balsas – MA. Trials were carried out with seven corn hybrids and seven sorghum hybrids, sown in six sowing dates in the year 2021. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in strip scheme, with four replications. The experimental plots consisted of fourrows of 12 m in length and spaced 0.5 m apart, totaling 2.0 m in width and 24 m2 . The plant population was 60.000 plants ha-1 for corn and 220.000 plants ha-1 for sorghum. In the corn crop, the following traits were evaluated: plant height (cm); ear height (cm) and grain yield. In the sorghum crop, the following were evaluated: plant height (cm); bunch height (cm) and grain yield. The genotypes were evaluated using the adaptability and stability methods of Eberhart & Russell, Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns, AMMI (Additive Maineffects and Multiplicative Interaction), mixed models (REML/Blup) and GGE -Biplot. The different sowing dates affected the evaluated characteristics, mainly grain yield, where the delay in sowing led to a large reduction, both in corn and sorghum. For the two crops studied, the adaptability and stability analyze by Eberhart and Russel, Lin & Binns, Annicchiarico, AMMI, GGE Biplotand REML/Blup agree with the selection of the best genotypes and environments of cultivation. The best corn hybrid within thetested environments was P2970. However, hybrids P3707 and P3754 also stood out in terms of adaptability, stability and high grain yield averages. The sorghum genotypes DKB540, GreenTec 327, AS4639 and 50A10 were the ones that showed the highest grain yield averages, good stability and adaptability in the evaluated environments. The best sowing dates were the first (February 9) and the second (February 15) for both crops, and the delay caused negative effects on the tested genotypes, mainly on grain yield.
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Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor L., Produtividade de Grãos, Sorgo, Milho