A importância de Políticas Públicas para mulheres venezuelanas migrantes e/ou em situação de refúgio na cidade de São Paulo
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2023-06-20
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa pretende analisar a política migratória brasileira e a sua incidência em mulheres venezuelanas que residem na cidade de São Paulo e que se deslocaram para o Brasil em decorrência da crise econômica, social e política que assola a Venezuela desde meados da década de 2010. Para tanto, o marco teórico recai sobre as migrações femininas entre os países do Sul Global e suas particularidades, com base em autores dos estudos subalternos como Aníbal Quijano, Gayatri Spivak e Maria Lugones. O objetivo de analisar o movimento migratório através de teorias contra-hegemônicas é desconstruir os binarismos e o estereótipo negativo que as chamadas “teorias clássicas” colocam pessoas migrantes, em categorias supostamente universais, homogêneas e amorfas, que os colocam em nichos específicos sem voz, rostos e características específicas. Acredita-se que essa análise possa corroborar para compreender a Política Municipal para Migrantes da cidade de São Paulo (PMPI), que é transversal, intersetorial e intersecretarial, dando o mesmo acesso à bens e serviços públicos para migrantes e cidadãos brasileiros. Portanto, o objetivo geral desta dissertação visa responder a seguinte pergunta: como construir políticas públicas adequadas, suficientes e que impactam positivamente mulheres venezuelanas que moram na cidade de São Paulo? É possível dizer que mulheres venezuelanas têm as mesmas demandas e necessidades que mulheres brasileiras? O objetivo específico do estudo é responder tais questões por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre migrações femininas internacionais, feminismo decolonial e sobre políticas públicas. Ademais, foram feitas 5 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com mulheres venezuelanas, onde procurou-se entender como elas enxergam, a partir de suas vivências, o impacto positivo ou negativo da política migratória paulistana e das ações estatais para si e para suas famílias. Não pode-se deixar de ressaltar que o histórico das Políticas Migratórias no Brasil possui um passado autoritário, racista e com características eugenistas, corroborando para que migrantes do Sul Global carreguem um estereótipo negativo e sejam vistos de forma pejorativa. Como conclusão do estudo, a hipótese é de que a PMPI é uma importante política e possui um cunho progressista. Porém, assim como poderá ser visto na análise das entrevistas realizadas, a forma como a política é conduzida culmina por invisibilizar ainda mais essa população, colocando suas demandas e necessidades de maneira equiparada com a dos demais cidadãos brasileiros.
This research intends to analyze the Brazilian migration policy and its impact on Venezuelan women residing in the city of São Paulo and who moved to Brazil as a result of the economic, social and political crisis that has plagued Venezuela since the mid-2010s. Therefore, the theoretical framework rests on female migrations between the countries of the Global South and their particularities, based on authors of subaltern studies such as Aníbal Quijano, Gayatri Spivak and Maria Lugones. The objective of analyzing the migratory movement through counter-hegemonic theories is to deconstruct the binarisms and the negative stereotype that the so-called “classical theories” place migrants in supposedly universal, homogeneous and amorphous categories, which place them in specific niches without a voice, specific faces and features. It is believed that this analysis can corroborate to understand the Municipal Policy for Migrants of the city of São Paulo (PMPI), which is transversal, intersectoral and interdepartmental, giving the same access to public goods and services for migrants and Brazilian citizens. Therefore, the general objective of this dissertation aims to answer the following question: how to build adequate and sufficient public policies that positively impact Venezuelan women who live in the city of São Paulo? Is it possible to say that Venezuelan women have the same demands and needs as Brazilian women? The specific objective of the study is to answer these questions through a bibliographical review on international female migrations, decolonial feminism and public policies. Furthermore, 5 semi-structured interviews were carried out with Venezuelan women, where an attempt was made to understand how they see, based on their experiences, the positive or negative impact of São Paulo's migration policy and state actions for themselves and their families. One cannot fail to emphasize that the history of Migration Policies in Brazil has an authoritarian, racist past with eugenic characteristics, corroborating so that migrants from the Global South carry a negative stereotype and are seen in a pejorative way. As a conclusion of the study, the hypothesis is that the PMPI is an important policy and has a progressive nature. However, as can be seen in the analysis of the interviews carried out, the way in which the policy is conducted culminates in making this population even more invisible, placing its demands and needs on an equal footing with that of other Brazilian citizens.
This research intends to analyze the Brazilian migration policy and its impact on Venezuelan women residing in the city of São Paulo and who moved to Brazil as a result of the economic, social and political crisis that has plagued Venezuela since the mid-2010s. Therefore, the theoretical framework rests on female migrations between the countries of the Global South and their particularities, based on authors of subaltern studies such as Aníbal Quijano, Gayatri Spivak and Maria Lugones. The objective of analyzing the migratory movement through counter-hegemonic theories is to deconstruct the binarisms and the negative stereotype that the so-called “classical theories” place migrants in supposedly universal, homogeneous and amorphous categories, which place them in specific niches without a voice, specific faces and features. It is believed that this analysis can corroborate to understand the Municipal Policy for Migrants of the city of São Paulo (PMPI), which is transversal, intersectoral and interdepartmental, giving the same access to public goods and services for migrants and Brazilian citizens. Therefore, the general objective of this dissertation aims to answer the following question: how to build adequate and sufficient public policies that positively impact Venezuelan women who live in the city of São Paulo? Is it possible to say that Venezuelan women have the same demands and needs as Brazilian women? The specific objective of the study is to answer these questions through a bibliographical review on international female migrations, decolonial feminism and public policies. Furthermore, 5 semi-structured interviews were carried out with Venezuelan women, where an attempt was made to understand how they see, based on their experiences, the positive or negative impact of São Paulo's migration policy and state actions for themselves and their families. One cannot fail to emphasize that the history of Migration Policies in Brazil has an authoritarian, racist past with eugenic characteristics, corroborating so that migrants from the Global South carry a negative stereotype and are seen in a pejorative way. As a conclusion of the study, the hypothesis is that the PMPI is an important policy and has a progressive nature. However, as can be seen in the analysis of the interviews carried out, the way in which the policy is conducted culminates in making this population even more invisible, placing its demands and needs on an equal footing with that of other Brazilian citizens.
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Migrações, Politica Migratória, Migrações femininas, Teoria Decolonial, Estudos Subalternos, Female migrations, Decolonial Theory, Subaltern Studies, Migration Policy