Acúmulo de nutrientes em gérbera de vaso em função de fontes e doses de potássio
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Data
2012-06-01
Autores
Guerrero, Amaralina C [UNESP]
Fernandes, Dirceu Maximino [UNESP]
Ludwig, Fernanda [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Associação Brasileira de Horticultura
Resumo
Entre as várias espécies ornamentais cultivadas de importância econômica encontra-se a gérbera, uma planta com boa durabilidade, resistência ao transporte e muito apreciada pelos consumidores. Apesar da expansão na produção comercial de plantas ornamentais, a pesquisa não tem acompanhado esse ritmo de crescimento, principalmente em relação à nutrição e a adubação. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o teor e acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de gérbera em dois estádios da cultura (período vegetativo e reprodutivo), com o uso de diferentes concentrações e fontes de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da UNESP em Botucatu (SP). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, empregando o esquema fatorial 2x5, duas fontes de potássio (silicato e cloreto) com cinco concentrações (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de potássio, via solução nutritiva), quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Foi utilizada a cultivar Red, com centro escuro, para cultivo em vaso. Avaliaram-se os teores de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) nas folhas durante o período vegetativo e nas folhas e flores (inflorescência + haste) ao final do período reprodutivo. O acúmulo foi determinado através do produto do teor de nutrientes pela fitomassa seca das mesmas e o acúmulo total, pela soma do acúmulo nas folhas e flores (inflorescência + haste). O silicato de potássio promoveu maior teor e maior acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas sem uma dose distintiva. A ordem decrescente para a absorção de nutrientes das plantas de gérbera foi de K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S para cloreto e silicato de potássio, ao final do período vegetativo e reprodutivo para as folhas e acúmulo total. Na inflorescência a ordem de absorção foi de: K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg para as duas fontes utilizadas.
Gerbera is one of the several cultivated species of economic importance to agriculture. This is a plant with good durability, resistance to transport and high appreciation by consumers. However, despite the expansion of commercial production of flowers and ornamental plants, research has not grown at the same rate, especially with regard to nutrition and fertilization. The content and accumulation of macronutrients were evaluated in plants of gerbera in two growth stages (vegetative and reproductive), using different concentrations of potassium in the nutrient solution and two sources (chloride and silicate). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with a 2x5 factorial scheme, comprising two sources of potassium (silicate and chloride) with five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 of potassium, in nutrient solution), four replications and five plants per plot. The gerbera cultivar used was Red, with dark center, for growing in vase. The levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) were accessed on leaves during the vegetative period and leaves and flowers (inflorescence + stem) on the end of the reproductive period. The accumulation was obtained through the multiplication of the nutrient content with the dry weight of the same ones and the total accumulation was obtained by the sum of accumulation on leaves and flowers (inflorescence + stem). Potassium silicate promoted greater content and accumulation of nutrients in leaves without a distinctive dose. The descending order for the absorption of nutrients of the gerbera plants was K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for chloride and potassium silicate on the end of the vegetative and reproductive period for leaves and total accumulation. In the reproductive period the order of absorption was K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg for the both sources used.
Gerbera is one of the several cultivated species of economic importance to agriculture. This is a plant with good durability, resistance to transport and high appreciation by consumers. However, despite the expansion of commercial production of flowers and ornamental plants, research has not grown at the same rate, especially with regard to nutrition and fertilization. The content and accumulation of macronutrients were evaluated in plants of gerbera in two growth stages (vegetative and reproductive), using different concentrations of potassium in the nutrient solution and two sources (chloride and silicate). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with a 2x5 factorial scheme, comprising two sources of potassium (silicate and chloride) with five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 of potassium, in nutrient solution), four replications and five plants per plot. The gerbera cultivar used was Red, with dark center, for growing in vase. The levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) were accessed on leaves during the vegetative period and leaves and flowers (inflorescence + stem) on the end of the reproductive period. The accumulation was obtained through the multiplication of the nutrient content with the dry weight of the same ones and the total accumulation was obtained by the sum of accumulation on leaves and flowers (inflorescence + stem). Potassium silicate promoted greater content and accumulation of nutrients in leaves without a distinctive dose. The descending order for the absorption of nutrients of the gerbera plants was K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for chloride and potassium silicate on the end of the vegetative and reproductive period for leaves and total accumulation. In the reproductive period the order of absorption was K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg for the both sources used.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gerbera jamesonii, nutrição de plantas, absorção, nutrientes, Gerbera jamesonii, plant nutrition, absorption, nutrient
Como citar
Horticultura Brasileira. Associação Brasileira de Horticultura, v. 30, n. 2, p. 201-208, 2012.