Agregação do solo e ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em sistemas de rotação de culturas
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Data
2013-02-28
Autores
Truber, Priscila Viviane [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manejo adequado das atividades agrícolas pode levar a melhorias nos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, com redução da degradação do solo e do meio ambiente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da utilização de diferentes culturas nos atributos físicos do solo e na comunidade dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, em dois experimentos de longa duração, denominados experimento 1 e experimento 2. Os dois experimentos vêm sendo conduzidos em áreas localizadas no município de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo. O experimento 1 foi instalado em duas áreas com solos distintos, em outubro de 2008, visando avaliar o efeito da utilização de diferentes culturas no período de reforma do canavial. Os solos dessas áreas caracterizam diferentes ambientes de produção para a cana-de-açúcar, Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico textura muito argilosa, e Latossolo Vermelho ácrico textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram os cultivos de: soja, soja/pousio/soja, soja/milheto/soja e soja/crotalária/soja. O experimento 2 foi instalado em setembro de 2002, sob delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com três repetições e esquema em faixas, visando avaliar o efeito de diferentes sequências de culturas de verão (monocultura de milho, monocultura de soja e rotação soja/milho) e culturas de entressafra (milho, sorgo granífero, girassol, crotalária, guandu, nabo forrageiro e milheto) em sistema de semeadura direta nos atributos do Latossolo Vermelho textura argilosa. No experimento 1 não foram observadas diferenças nos teores de glomalina após a utilização das diferentes culturas no período de reforma do canavial. Maior comprimento de micélio externo total foi encontrado onde houve...
Proper management of agricultural activities can lead to improvements in the physical, chemical and biological soil, reducing soil degradation and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different crops in soil physical properties and the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two long-term experiments, called experiment 1 and experiment 2. Both experiments have been conducted in areas located in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo. Experiment 1 was installed in two areas with different soils, in October 2008, to evaluate the effect of using different cultures in the reform period of the cane fields. The soils of these areas featuring different production environments for cane sugar, eutroferric red Latosol (Oxisol), and Acric Latosol (Acric Oxisol), the experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were the crops: soybean, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean and soybean/sun hemp/soybean. Experiment 2 was installed in September 2002, in a randomized block experimental design with three replications and schema tracks, to evaluate the effect of different sequence of summer crops (corn monoculture, soybean monoculture and rotation soybean/corn) and between harvests crops (corn, grain sorghum, sunflower, sun hemp, pigeonpea, oilseed radish and millet) in the no-tillage system attributes Oxisol. In experiment 1 there were differences in levels of glomalin after use of the different cultures in the reform period the sugarcane. Greater length of total external mycelium was found where crops were soybean/millet/soybean and soybean/sun hemp/soybean. Differences were observed between soils evaluated for attributes, easily extractable glomalin, total glomalin and aggregate stability index, and the eutroferric Red Latosol... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Proper management of agricultural activities can lead to improvements in the physical, chemical and biological soil, reducing soil degradation and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different crops in soil physical properties and the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two long-term experiments, called experiment 1 and experiment 2. Both experiments have been conducted in areas located in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo. Experiment 1 was installed in two areas with different soils, in October 2008, to evaluate the effect of using different cultures in the reform period of the cane fields. The soils of these areas featuring different production environments for cane sugar, eutroferric red Latosol (Oxisol), and Acric Latosol (Acric Oxisol), the experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were the crops: soybean, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean and soybean/sun hemp/soybean. Experiment 2 was installed in September 2002, in a randomized block experimental design with three replications and schema tracks, to evaluate the effect of different sequence of summer crops (corn monoculture, soybean monoculture and rotation soybean/corn) and between harvests crops (corn, grain sorghum, sunflower, sun hemp, pigeonpea, oilseed radish and millet) in the no-tillage system attributes Oxisol. In experiment 1 there were differences in levels of glomalin after use of the different cultures in the reform period the sugarcane. Greater length of total external mycelium was found where crops were soybean/millet/soybean and soybean/sun hemp/soybean. Differences were observed between soils evaluated for attributes, easily extractable glomalin, total glomalin and aggregate stability index, and the eutroferric Red Latosol... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Agregação, Semeadura, Fungos micorrizicos, Rotação de cultivos, Solos - Analise, Soil fungi
Como citar
TRUBER, Priscila Viviane. Agregação do solo e ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em sistemas de rotação de culturas. 2013. iii, 63 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.