Perda de matéria seca em grãos de milho submetidos a sistemas de secagem natural e artificial
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Data
2013-01-29
Autores
Eiras, Diego de Lira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A permanência de grãos na lavoura, após a maturação fisiológica, é causa importante de perdas, tanto sob aspecto quantitativo quanto qualitativo. Por cessar o aporte de substâncias assimiladas para os grãos, a partir da maturação fisiológica as reações de síntese são superadas pelas de respiração, responsáveis pela manutenção dos tecidos vivos dos grãos, e que ocorrem à custa de reservas acumuladas durante a formação do grão. Somam-se, ainda, perdas decorrentes de ataque de fungos e insetos e de condições climáticas desfavoráveis. O avanço tecnológico ocorrido nas últimas décadas, disponibilizando secadores de grãos com capacidades e eficiências variadas, tem propiciado a retirada antecipada do produto do campo, ainda úmido, reduzindo a sua deterioração. Por outro lado, o uso de sistemas artificiais de secagem pode representar um custo importante para o produtor. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito de métodos de secagens natural e artificial sobre a perda de matéria seca em grãos de milho, para as condições de Botucatu-SP. O campo de produção do grão de milho foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado e os tratamentos experimentais foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas, pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural, onde se testou os sistemas de secagem, à sombra (testemunha), artificial com ar aquecido, artificial com ar não aquecido e secagem na planta. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises para monitoramento de qualidade: peso hectolítrico, peso de mil grãos, e massa de matéria seca dos grãos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram perda significativa na qualidade dos grãos secos na planta, tanto pela avaliação da perda de matéria seca como pela variação do peso dos grãos. A análise de peso hectolítrico...
The permanence of the grain crop, after maturation, is an important cause of loss, both in quantitative and qualitative aspect. By ceasing the intake of substances assimilated to the grains from the physiological maturity synthesis reactions are overcome by breathing, responsible for the maintenance of the living tissues of the grains, and occur at the expense of reserves accumulated during grain formation. Weds also losses due to fungi and insects and adverse weather conditions. Technological advances in recent decades, delivering grain dryers with varied capacities and efficiencies, has led to the early withdrawal of the product from the field, still damp, reducing spoilage. Moreover, the use of artificial drying systems can represent a significant cost to the producer. Thus, the present study aimed to study the effect of drying methods of natural and artificial about the loss of dry matter in grain corn, for Botucatu-SP. The field production of corn grain was installed at the Experimental Farm Lageado and experimental treatments were conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, belonging to the Department of Rural Engineering, where he tested the drying systems, the shade (control), artificial with heated air, artificial air unheated and drying the plant. The following analyzes were conducted for quality monitoring: test weight, thousand grain weight, dry matter and grain. The results showed significant loss in quality of the plant dried grains, both the evaluation of the loss of dry matter as by varying the weight of grains. The analysis indicated hectoliter weight, however, worse performance for drying at high temperature. The use of mathematical modeling techniques to the loss of dry matter, to determine mathematical equations that describe the loss of dry matter and adjust the mathematical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The permanence of the grain crop, after maturation, is an important cause of loss, both in quantitative and qualitative aspect. By ceasing the intake of substances assimilated to the grains from the physiological maturity synthesis reactions are overcome by breathing, responsible for the maintenance of the living tissues of the grains, and occur at the expense of reserves accumulated during grain formation. Weds also losses due to fungi and insects and adverse weather conditions. Technological advances in recent decades, delivering grain dryers with varied capacities and efficiencies, has led to the early withdrawal of the product from the field, still damp, reducing spoilage. Moreover, the use of artificial drying systems can represent a significant cost to the producer. Thus, the present study aimed to study the effect of drying methods of natural and artificial about the loss of dry matter in grain corn, for Botucatu-SP. The field production of corn grain was installed at the Experimental Farm Lageado and experimental treatments were conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, belonging to the Department of Rural Engineering, where he tested the drying systems, the shade (control), artificial with heated air, artificial air unheated and drying the plant. The following analyzes were conducted for quality monitoring: test weight, thousand grain weight, dry matter and grain. The results showed significant loss in quality of the plant dried grains, both the evaluation of the loss of dry matter as by varying the weight of grains. The analysis indicated hectoliter weight, however, worse performance for drying at high temperature. The use of mathematical modeling techniques to the loss of dry matter, to determine mathematical equations that describe the loss of dry matter and adjust the mathematical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho - Qualidade, Milho – Secagem, Milho - Grãos - Modelos matemáticos, Corn - Drying
Como citar
EIRAS, Diego de Lira. Perda de matéria seca em grãos de milho submetidos a sistemas de secagem natural e artificial. 2013. vii, 62 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2013.