Psicossomática na saúde coletiva: um enfoque biopsicossocial
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Data
2011-05-11
Autores
Cruz, Marina Zuanazzi [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo é uma revisão teórica e uma reflexão crítica que tem como objetivo investigar o campo da psicossomática, incluindo fundamentos teóricos, bases fisiológicas e as implicações na Saúde Coletiva. Ao longo da história, as concepções sobre saúde e doença, assim como o pensamento médico, incluem suposições filosóficas a respeito do problema mente-corpo, que se configuram em perspectivas monistas ou dualistas. O desenvolvimento das neurociências e da psiconeuroimunologia têm sugerido complexas interações bidirecionais entre os sistemas nervoso, imune e endócrino, assim como um papel central dos aspectos emocionais e cognitivos no processo saúde-doença, que questionam a perspectiva dualista. As crescentes pesquisas em psiconeuroimunologia trazem consigo a necessidade de se discutir uma abordagem mais ampla em saúde, para que se possa maximizar os benefícios das intervenções e proporcionar uma maior qualidade de vida. O modelo biopsicossocial proposto por George Engel, que contempla uma abordagem centrada na integralidade do ser humano, demanda estratégias de intervenção que promovam o bem estar físico e psíquico, melhorem as relações sociais e as condições de vida e trabalho, atuando no âmbito da macroestrutura econômica, social e cultural. Estudos no campo da psicossomática mostram-se importantes para fortalecer as bases científicas que contribuirão para a construção e a implementação do paradigma biopsicossocial na Saúde Coletiva, tendo em vista a efetivação do princípio da integralidade
This study is a theoretical review and a critical reflection that aims to investigate the major studies in the psychosomatic field, including theoretical foundations, physiological basis and implications in public health. Throughout history, the concepts of health and illness, as well as the medical thinking, have been influenced by the philosophical discussion of the mind-body problem, which leads to a monistic or dualistic perspective. Development of the neurosciences and psychoneuroimmunology has shown complex bidirectional interactions among the nervous, immune and endocrine systems, as well as the role of emotional and cognitive aspects for the healthdisease process, thus questioning the dualistic concept. Research in psychoneuroimmunology implies the need to discuss a broader approach to health, in order to maximize the benefits of interventions and provide a higher quality of life. The biopsychosocial model proposed by George Engel, an approach that considers the whole of the human being, demands interventional strategies that promote physical and mental well being, improve social relations, living and work conditions and also act within the economic, social and cultural macrostructure. Studies in the psychosomatic field are important to strengthen the scientific basis that will contribute to the building and implementation of the biopsychosocial paradigm in public health, moving towards the realization of the principle of integrality
This study is a theoretical review and a critical reflection that aims to investigate the major studies in the psychosomatic field, including theoretical foundations, physiological basis and implications in public health. Throughout history, the concepts of health and illness, as well as the medical thinking, have been influenced by the philosophical discussion of the mind-body problem, which leads to a monistic or dualistic perspective. Development of the neurosciences and psychoneuroimmunology has shown complex bidirectional interactions among the nervous, immune and endocrine systems, as well as the role of emotional and cognitive aspects for the healthdisease process, thus questioning the dualistic concept. Research in psychoneuroimmunology implies the need to discuss a broader approach to health, in order to maximize the benefits of interventions and provide a higher quality of life. The biopsychosocial model proposed by George Engel, an approach that considers the whole of the human being, demands interventional strategies that promote physical and mental well being, improve social relations, living and work conditions and also act within the economic, social and cultural macrostructure. Studies in the psychosomatic field are important to strengthen the scientific basis that will contribute to the building and implementation of the biopsychosocial paradigm in public health, moving towards the realization of the principle of integrality
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Palavras-chave
Saúde pública, Stress (Psicologia), Medicina psicossomatica, Integrative medicine
Como citar
CRUZ, Marina Zuanazzi. Psicossomática na saúde coletiva: um enfoque biopsicossocial. 2011. 104 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2011.