Nilüfer Çayı üzerindeki hava, su ve sediment örneklerindeki organik kirleticilerin ve kaynaklarının belirlenmesi
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Date
2023
Authors
Sari, Mehmet Ferhat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Bursa ilindeki Nilüfer Çayı güzergâhı boyunca aylık olarak 6 farklı noktadan dış ortam havası, 7 farklı noktadan ise yüzeysel su ve sediment örneklerindeki polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) ve poliklorlu bifenil (PCB) konsantrasyonlarının zamansal ve bölgesel dağılımları, bölgelerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri, hava-su ve su sediment medyalarındaki kirletici geçişleri ve akıları, ve muhtemel kaynaklarının belirlenmesi değerlendirilmiştir. Hava örneklerinin toplanmasında pasif hava örnekleyiciler (PHÖ’ler), yüzeysel su örneklerinin toplanmasında poliüretan bidonlar ve sediment örneklerinin toplanmasında Ekman kepçesi kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme süresi olarak Ekim 2021-Eylül 2022 tarihleri arası seçilmiştir. Örnekleme periyodu ise hava, su ve sediment örnekleri için aylık olarak belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme süresi boyunca toplam 16 PAH (∑₁₆PAH) konsantrasyonları hava, yüzeysel su (çözünmüş ve partikül faz) ve sediment örnekleri için sırasıyla 96,2±45,0 ng/m³, 360,9±296,2 µg/L, 120,6±119,7 µg/L ve 347,1±224,9 ng/g kuru ağırlık (KA) olarak bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde toplam 41 PCB (∑₄₁PCB) konsantrasyonları hava, yüzeysel su (çözünmüş ve partikül faz) ve sediment örnekleri için sırasıyla 932,4±491,2 pg/m³, 53,8±54,7 µg/L, 92,8±59,3 µg/L ve 71,4±38,7 ng/g KA olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki kirletici için hava, su ve sediment örneklerindeki en düşük konsantrasyon seviyeleri arka plan (Keles) örnekleme noktasında, en yüksek konsantrasyon seviyeleri ise sanayi ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin yoğun olduğu örnekleme noktalarında (Hasanağa ve Karacabey) ölçülmüştür. PAH’ların muhtemel kaynakları arasında evsel ve endüstriyel faaliyetler, PCB’lerin ise muhtemel kaynakları arasında örnekleme noktalarının yakınlarında bulunan endüstriyel faaliyetler yer almaktadır. Kirleticilerin hava-su ve su-sediment arasındaki dağılımlarının belirlenmesinde fugasite oranlarından yararlanılmıştır. Fugasite oranlarına göre her iki kirletici için de sudan havaya (buharlaşma) ve sudan sedimente bir geçişin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
In this study, the temporal and regional distributions, the relationship among the sampling points, pollutant transitions and fluxes in air-water and water-sediment media, and identification of possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in ambient air from 6 different points, surface water and sediment samples from 7 different points on a monthly basis along the route of Nilüfer Stream in Bursa province were evaluated. Passive air samplers (PASs) were used to collect air samples, polyurethane drums were used to collect surface water samples, and Ekman buckets were used to collect sediment samples. Between October 2021 and September 2022 was chosen as the sampling period. The sampling period was determined monthly for air, water and sediment samples. During the sampling period, total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑₁₆PAH) were 96.2±45.0 ng/m³, 360.9±296.2 µg/L, 120.6±119.7 µg/L, 347.1±224.9 ng/g DW for air, surface water (dissolved and particulate phase) and sediment samples, respectively. Similarly, total 41 PCB (∑₄₁PCB) concentrations were 932.4±491.2 pg/m³ , 53.8±54.7 µg/L, 92.8±59.3 µg/L and 71.4±38.7 ng/g DW for air, surface water (dissolved and particulate phase) and sediment samples, respectively. For both pollutants, the lowest concentration levels in the air, water and sediment samples were measured at the background (Keles) sampling point, and the highest concentration levels were measured at the sampling points (Hasanağa and Karacabey) where industrial and agricultural activities were intense. Possible sources of PAHs include domestic and industrial activities, and possible sources of PCBs include industrial activities near sampling points. Fugacity ratios were used to determine the distribution of pollutants between air-water and water-sediment. According to the fugacity ratios, it was determined that there was a transition from water to air (volatilization) and from water to sediment for both pollutants.
In this study, the temporal and regional distributions, the relationship among the sampling points, pollutant transitions and fluxes in air-water and water-sediment media, and identification of possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in ambient air from 6 different points, surface water and sediment samples from 7 different points on a monthly basis along the route of Nilüfer Stream in Bursa province were evaluated. Passive air samplers (PASs) were used to collect air samples, polyurethane drums were used to collect surface water samples, and Ekman buckets were used to collect sediment samples. Between October 2021 and September 2022 was chosen as the sampling period. The sampling period was determined monthly for air, water and sediment samples. During the sampling period, total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑₁₆PAH) were 96.2±45.0 ng/m³, 360.9±296.2 µg/L, 120.6±119.7 µg/L, 347.1±224.9 ng/g DW for air, surface water (dissolved and particulate phase) and sediment samples, respectively. Similarly, total 41 PCB (∑₄₁PCB) concentrations were 932.4±491.2 pg/m³ , 53.8±54.7 µg/L, 92.8±59.3 µg/L and 71.4±38.7 ng/g DW for air, surface water (dissolved and particulate phase) and sediment samples, respectively. For both pollutants, the lowest concentration levels in the air, water and sediment samples were measured at the background (Keles) sampling point, and the highest concentration levels were measured at the sampling points (Hasanağa and Karacabey) where industrial and agricultural activities were intense. Possible sources of PAHs include domestic and industrial activities, and possible sources of PCBs include industrial activities near sampling points. Fugacity ratios were used to determine the distribution of pollutants between air-water and water-sediment. According to the fugacity ratios, it was determined that there was a transition from water to air (volatilization) and from water to sediment for both pollutants.
Description
Keywords
Fugasite, Pasif hava örnekleyici, PAH, PCB, Sediment, Yüzeysel sular, Fugacity, Passive air sampler, Sediment, Surface water
Citation
Sari, M. F. (2023). Nilüfer Çayı üzerindeki hava, su ve sediment örneklerindeki organik kirleticilerin ve kaynaklarının belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.