Gravidez da adolescente no estado do espírito santo: Aspectos da gestação, parto e repercussões sobre o recém-nascido

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate pregnancy social profile, delivery of adolescent and adult women and the neonatal repercussions. To determine the association between the adolescent and the adult mother age with the neonatal results: Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes of life, low birth weight, fetal prematurity and abnormalities. Methodology: Cross sectional , population-based, descriptive and analytical study, with Database from the Information System on Live Births (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos), State of Espírito Santo, in 2007. The variables studied were the Declarations of Birth. Adolescent mothers aged 10-14and 15-19 were compared between them and with adult mothers aged 20-34. Descriptive analysis was followed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: There was 20% (9.780) of live births from adolescent mothers in Espírito Santo in 2007. When adolescent mothers aged 10 to 14 years and adult mothers aged 20 to 34 were compared with the other characteristics under study, it was noted difference with statistical significance (value-p0,05) for education per group, marital status, number of living children, number of dead children, number ofconsultation, type of delivery, Apgar score at 1 minute of life, low birth weight, prematurity and hospital type. Comparing the adolescent mothers aged 15 to 19 and adult mothers aged 20 to 34 with other characteristics, it was noted the difference with statistical significance (valor-p0,05) for marital status, education, number of living children, number of dead children, number of consultations, pregnancy type, delivery type, Apgar score of the 1st and 5th minutes of life and low birth weight and place of birth. In the analysis (univariate) of the neonatal outcome, in the comparisons for the Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minutes of lifeand low birth weight, it was noted difference with statistical significance (valorp 0,05) for mothers age, which remains in the final model of logistic regression. In the comparisons concerning prematurity it was noted that the variables that remained in the final model of the logistic regression were: fetal abnormality, mothers education, pregnancy type, hospital type, number of living children and number of dead children. And in those for fetal abnormality, the variables that stayed in the final model of logistic regression were: sex, delivery type, number of consultations and hospital type. Conclusions: The results of this research inEspírito Santo, in 2007, lead to the conclusion that there are statistically significant differences between adolescents and adult womans pregnancy. Among adolescent mothers aged 10-19, it was found more chances that their newborn infant had Apgar lower than seven with 1 minute life, Apgar lower than seven with 5 minutes life and low weight at birth. No association was found with premature newborn and congenital abnormality