Title:
Effects of severing the corpus callosum on coherent electrical and hemodynamic interhemispheric oscillations intrinsic to functional brain networks
Effects of severing the corpus callosum on coherent electrical and hemodynamic interhemispheric oscillations intrinsic to functional brain networks
Author(s)
Magnuson, Matthew Evan
Advisor(s)
Keilholz, Shella
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Abstract
Large scale functional brain networks, defined by synchronized spontaneous oscillations between spatially distinct anatomical regions, are essential to brain function and have been implicated in disease states, cognitive capacity, and many sensing and motor processes. In this work, we sever the corpus callosum in the rodent model to determine if structural connectivity (specifically the primary interhemispheric pathway) organizes and influences bilateral functional connectivity and brain-wide spatiotemporal dynamic activity patterns.
Prior to the callosotomy work, resting state brain networks were evaluated using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) magnetic resonance imaging contrast mechanisms, and revealed that BOLD and CBV provide highly similar spatial maps of functional connectivity; however, the amplitude of BOLD connectivity was generally stronger. The effects of extended anesthetic durations on functional connectivity were also evaluated revealing extended isoflurane anesthetic periods prior to the switch to dexmedetomidine attenuates functional activity for a longer duration as compared to a shorter isoflurane paradigm. We also observed a secondary significant evolution of functional metrics occurring during long durations of dexmedetomidine use under the currently accepted and refined dexmedetomidine sedation paradigm.
Taking these previous findings into account, we moved forward with the callosotomy study. Functional network integrity was evaluated in sham and full callosotomy groups using BOLD and electrophysiology. Functional connectivity analysis indicated a similar significant reduction in bilateral connectivity in the full callosotomy group as compared to the sham group across both recording modalities. Spatiotemporal dynamic analysis revealed bilaterally symmetric propagating waves of activity in the sham data, but none were present in the full callosotomy data; however, the emergence of unilateral spatiotemporal patterns became prominent following the callosotomy. This finding suggests that the corpus callosum could be largely responsible for maintaining bilateral network integrity, but non-bilaterally symmetric propagating waves occur in the absence of the corpus callosum, suggesting a possible subcortical driver of the dynamic cascading event. This work represents a robust finding indicating the corpus callosum's influence on maintaining integrity in bilateral functional networks.
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Date Issued
2013-04-05
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Dissertation