Rus oryantalistlerin Kur`an çalışmaları
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Date
2002
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Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Abstract
SUMMARY ADİLBAYEV, Alau; "The Qur'an Studies Of Russian Oriantalists." (Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Nedim Serinsu) The translations and later researches on Qur'an of Europeans in the Middle Ages proportionally developed with the periods of time and development of science and methodology. Russia which, since the period of Peter I has been realizing constructive reforms, decided to become a Europeen state. The bases of orientalism have been formed in Russia since XVTfl century. And the efforts on the Qur'an studies, for the first time, began in this period and then developed in later time. In the period of Czardom Russia, the approaches to İslam in general and to the Holy Qur'an in particular were under control of Russian orthodox church. In this period most of the studies were directed to missionery aims and reflected the opposition to İslam which was born in the Middle Ages Europe. Consequently this kind of studies are of no value. Later, after the period of Czardom Russia, the orientalism began to reform as the movement with scientific disciplines. Therefore, there occured new Russian orientalists who were thought to be related with science, surely, with respect to their own criteria. Howover, their works are only the repetition and translation of the works carried out by their European colleagues. In 1917, after the Great October Revolution, Russia became a state with Soviet regime, hi Soviet period, there was a general atheist approach to all religions. Therefore in this period the approach to İslam and Qur'an was affected as well. The works belonging to Soviet period were under the strict control of regime so that they could not contradict with the present government. Consequently, the works on Qur'an pertaining to this period are full of aggressive atheism and have no scientific value. 236In the Soviet period, only the scientists who have adopted academic character in the Czardom period went on with Qur'an works. But still their works were not appreciated, on the contrary, the works which reflected Soviet ideology were widely spread. After 1980's, events around the world made Russians go over their view about İslam. Since that period, the Qur'an studies have gained new identity. The Russian orientalists, who tried to get away from Soviet regime approaches, now adopted the Marksism methodology. The works on Qur'an were carried out according to new method developed by founder of Russian İslamism, İ. Yu. Krachkovsky. His approach that he has developed while translating Qur'an is adopted to be the most accurate one. To sum up, the works and translations on Qur'an that have been carried out since Czardom period are more in numbers than works on such scientific branches as Hadith, Sufism and Islamic Law. Despite all these, the Qur'an works of Russian orientalists could not reach the level of the Qur'an works of their European colleagues. The main obstacle of this can be stated as the domination of one sided approach. 237
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