Persistence of 14C-labeled atrazine and its residues on a field lysimeter soil after 22 years

Jablonowski, N. D.; Hofmann, D.; Köppchen, S.; Burauel, P.; Schäffer, A.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.004

Journal Article

Persistence of 14C-labeled atrazine and its residues on a field lysimeter soil after 22 years

Jablonowski, N. D.FZJ* ; Köppchen, S.FZJ* ; Hofmann, D.FZJ* ; Schäffer, A. ; Burauel, P.FZJ*

2009
Elsevier Science Amsterdam [u.a.]

Environmental pollution 157(7), 2126 - 2131 (2009) [10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.004]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/4568 doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.004

Abstract: Twenty-two years after the last application of ring-14C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha(-1)) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer yielded 60% of the residual 14C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 microg kg(-1)) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 microg kg(-1)). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93% of residual 14C-activity, of which 3.4 microg kg(-1) was detected as atrazine and 17.7 microg kg(-1) was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure.

Keyword(s): Agriculture (MeSH) ; Atrazine: analysis (MeSH) ; Carbon Radioisotopes: analysis (MeSH) ; Ecology: methods (MeSH) ; Herbicides: analysis (MeSH) ; Mass Spectrometry (MeSH) ; Soil Pollutants: analysis (MeSH) ; Time Factors (MeSH) ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Herbicides ; Soil Pollutants ; Atrazine ; J ; Atrazine (auto) ; Persistence (auto) ; Leaching (auto) ; Extraction (auto) ; LC-MS/MS (auto) ; Half-life (auto) ; Bound residues (auto)

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Environmental Sciences

Note: Sincere thanks are due to Mr. Gunter Henkelmann for the lysimeter soil, and to Mr. Thomas Putz for the transfer of the lysimeters. Analysis of the soil elements in solid samples by Ms. N. Merki and Ms. J. Bachhausen, ZCH, is highly appreciated. The corresponding author Nicolai D. Jablonowski is grateful for support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), grant No. D/08/42004.

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