Establecimiento Tragua-Tragua, Choele Choel, Río Negro. Reflexiones sobre la sustentabilidad del sub-sistema porcino
Fecha
2021
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El enfoque de la sustentabilidad ha adquirido en los últimos tiempos un protagonismo
en todas las disciplinas, siendo útil para monitorear el comportamiento de los diferentes
sistemas de producción. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre los cambios
tecnológicos-productivos incorporados en el sub-sistema porcino del establecimiento Tragua
Tragua en Choele Choel, Río Negro, en relación a la sustentabilidad. Se caracterizó la oferta
tecnológica y los factores de la producción del sub-sistema productivo porcino, desde su inicio
hasta la actualidad y se analizó el efecto de la oferta tecnológica y los factores de la producción
en relación a dos de las propiedades que caracterizan a un sistema productivo (autonomía y
productividad). La incorporación de capital en el actual sub-sistema porcino en confinamiento,
a través de tecnologías de insumos, generaron una menor autonomía, pero permitieron
aumentar la productividad impactando sobre la sustentabilidad económica-productiva. Los
cambios introducidos impulsaron, en algunas variables de la dimensión económica-productiva,
efectos favorables mientras que en otras no. Las transformaciones tecnológicas afectaron de
manera negativa la dimensión ambiental, sobre todo por la escasa gestión de los efluentes,
mayores requerimientos energéticos para el control de las condiciones ambientales y el
bienestar animal por el mayor uso de antibióticos en las raciones. La adopción del sistema cama
profunda en la etapa de confinamiento generó un impacto positivo en la dimensión ambiental
de la sustentabilidad, se debe planificar el tipo de cama a utilizar y el destino de la misma. La
gestión y organización de las diferentes actividades favorecen al confort y bienestar de los
operarios. Los vínculos que se generan con asesores externos e instituciones públicas y
privadas permiten al sistema adaptarse y permanecer en el tiempo. El traspaso generacional,
con la incorporación del grupo familiar, y el deseo de mantener la actividad deja en evidencia
el nivel de compromiso del productor y su familia. Todo esto contribuye a la dimensión socio cultural de la sustentabilidad.
In recent times, the approach to sustainability has acquired relevance in all disciplines, which is helpful to monitor the behavior of the different systems of production. This study aims to reflect upon the technological and productive changes incorporated in the swine subsystem in the settlement of Tragua Tragua, in Choele Choel, Río Negro, in terms of sustainability. The technological offer and the productive factors of the swine production subsystem have been characterized from its beginning to the present, and it has been analyzed the effect of the technological offer and the productive factors regarding two of the properties that characterize a productive system — autonomy and productivity. The incorporation of capital through input technologies into the current swine subsystem in confinement generated less autonomy, but it allowed to increase productivity, having an impact on the economic-productive sustainability. The changes introduced brought about positive effects in some variables of the economic productive dimension, but not in others. Technological transformations negatively affected the environmental dimension, mainly due to poor management of effluents, higher energetic requirements to the control of environmental conditions, and the animals' welfare because of the broader use of antibiotics in food rations. The adoption of a deep bedding system in the stage of confinement created a positive impact on the environmental dimension of sustainability. The bedding type used and its destiny should be planned. The management and organization of the different activities favor the workers’ comfort and welfare. The bonds created with external advisers and public and private institutions allow the system to adapt and perpetuate itself. The generational transfer, along with the incorporation of the family group and the hope of maintaining the activity, demonstrates the producer and their family’s level of compromise. All this contributes to the socio-cultural dimension of sustainability.
In recent times, the approach to sustainability has acquired relevance in all disciplines, which is helpful to monitor the behavior of the different systems of production. This study aims to reflect upon the technological and productive changes incorporated in the swine subsystem in the settlement of Tragua Tragua, in Choele Choel, Río Negro, in terms of sustainability. The technological offer and the productive factors of the swine production subsystem have been characterized from its beginning to the present, and it has been analyzed the effect of the technological offer and the productive factors regarding two of the properties that characterize a productive system — autonomy and productivity. The incorporation of capital through input technologies into the current swine subsystem in confinement generated less autonomy, but it allowed to increase productivity, having an impact on the economic-productive sustainability. The changes introduced brought about positive effects in some variables of the economic productive dimension, but not in others. Technological transformations negatively affected the environmental dimension, mainly due to poor management of effluents, higher energetic requirements to the control of environmental conditions, and the animals' welfare because of the broader use of antibiotics in food rations. The adoption of a deep bedding system in the stage of confinement created a positive impact on the environmental dimension of sustainability. The bedding type used and its destiny should be planned. The management and organization of the different activities favor the workers’ comfort and welfare. The bonds created with external advisers and public and private institutions allow the system to adapt and perpetuate itself. The generational transfer, along with the incorporation of the family group and the hope of maintaining the activity, demonstrates the producer and their family’s level of compromise. All this contributes to the socio-cultural dimension of sustainability.
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Sostenibilidad, Agroecosistemas, Porcinos, Sistemas agrarios, Estructura agraria, Argentina