『景德傳燈錄』から『五燈會元』へ --禪宗の變遷と燈史の編集--

Abstract

In the roughly 250 years between the publication of the Jingde chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄 (1004) and the compilation of the Wudeng huiyuan 五燈會元 (1253), four more similar texts have been compiled, which together form the nucleus of the genre of Lamp histories. The latest of these, the Wudeng Huiyuan, literary the 'Combined essence of the Five Lamps', takes the content of the previous five texts and merges it into one new compilation, which subsequently achieved wide distribution and readership among the literary elite and was one of the very few Buddhist texts included in the Qing collection Siku quanshu 四庫全書 (1782). In this paper, an attempt is made to use text analytic methods on digital surrogates of the texts to compare these six texts, aggregate similar content to gain some insight in the compilation methods and speculate about the shifting ground of the power balance in the Chan school that might be reflected in these changes. In this paper, this is mainly constructed as an opposition of the Nanyue 南嶽 (or Linji 臨濟) lineage and the competing Qingyuan 靑原 (or Caodong 曹洞) lineage. While the Wudeng Huiyuan is compiled at one of the most important temples of the Linji lineage, the text itself actually devotes considerably more space to the opposing Caodong lineage. On the other hand, the presence of the sayings of Linji Yixuan 臨濟義玄, name patron of this lineage, dominate the list of most influential masters as measured by their influence on other masters.