謝罪に対する被害者の反応とその発達的変化 : 文献展望

Abstract

This paper aimed to review previous research on the victim's reactions to apologies and the developmental changes of children's reactions. Previous researches have demonstrated that apologies were effective in mitigating victim's aggression and reducing the negative impression of the transgressor. According to the difference of situations, however, apologies may have negative effects on the affection of the victim. Several psychological processes appear to foster or inhibit forgiveness. These processes include empathy for the transgressor, generous attributions. and appraisals regarding the transgression and the transgressor. By the time they are about 9 years old, children realize the true function of the apology, which is to condemn inappropriate behaviors and express remorse. The apology-forgiveness script, however, may be so ingrained for children that its appearance automatically improves the impression of transgressor. Future research should reveal the developmental changes of the process from apology to forgiveness in childhood and the interaction between the transgressor and the victim.