This paper seeks to analyse and discuss the text of a most significant Muslim letter of 2007 addressed to the Christian Church, and the evidence of its reception within the Christian community in the year since it was delivered. It will also discuss some of the theological issues and challenges raised by the letter. Has a new era for dialogue with Islam been inaugurated by this epistolary event? What might the letter portend for the immediate and longer-term future of Christian relations with Islam? What does it raise in terms of theological issues and challenges? What challenges does this document signal for the ongoing quest of theology and interfaith engagement?