[en] Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non-Maxwellian plasma. In such case, we employ two temperature q-non-extensive distribution function to determine the onset of spacecraft surface charging which becomes complex since many parameters control the surface charging. We developed a current balance equation which better explains the charging threshold in comparison to a Maxwellian distribution function. The effect of non-extensive parameters, temperature and density ratio on the current balance equation has been explained. The modified current balance equation predicts the critical and anti-critical temperatures for various space-grade materials both analytically and numerically. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the charging current, average yield and density ratio in the presence of non-extensive two temperature electrons. The mechanism underlying different charging behaviors at or near the threshold is also indicated at various plasma parametric domains. Furthermore, the general conditions of potential jump are also obtained theoretically which predicts the sudden or smooth potential transition.
Disciplines :
Aerospace & aeronautics engineering Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Javed, Saba; Department of Physics, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
Rubab, Nazish ; Department of Physics, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan ; Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Zaheer, Sadia; Department of Physics, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
Poedts, Stefaan ; Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Institute of Physics, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland
JAFFER, Ghulam ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust > SPASYS > Team Andreas HEIN
HEIN, Andreas ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SPASYS
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non-Extensive Electrons
Publication date :
October 2023
Journal title :
Space Weather: the International Journal of Research and Applications
One of the author NR would like to thank the Centre for Mathematical Plasma‐Astrophysics for providing the partial funding and facilitating the research and publication process. The author would also like to thank HEC for providing financial assistance through Refs: 3‐1/PDFP/HEC/2021/420/01 and 20‐15574/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021‐2020. Sp acknowledges support from the projects C14/19/089 (C1 project Internal Funds KU Leuven), G.0B58.23N and G.0025.23N (FWO‐Vlaanderen), SIDC Data Exploitation (0ESA Prodex‐12), and Belspo project B2/191/P1/SWiM.One of the author NR would like to thank the Centre for Mathematical Plasma-Astrophysics for providing the partial funding and facilitating the research and publication process. The author would also like to thank HEC for providing financial assistance through Refs: 3-1/PDFP/HEC/2021/420/01 and 20-15574/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021-2020. Sp acknowledges support from the projects C14/19/089 (C1 project Internal Funds KU Leuven), G.0B58.23N and G.0025.23N (FWO-Vlaanderen), SIDC Data Exploitation (0ESA Prodex-12), and Belspo project B2/191/P1/SWiM.
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