Publication: La emergencia del buen gobierno en el discurso del desarrollo y su articulación con la gubernamentalidad neoliberal
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2022-12-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El objeto de estudio de esta investigación es el discurso del desarrollo y, en particular, la emergencia en el mismo del paradigma de la buena gobernanza o el buen gobierno en la década de 1990, coincidiendo con el proceso de expansión global del neoliberalismo. Hablamos de discurso del desarrollo para referirnos, desde una posición foucaultiana, a un conjunto de ideas, comportamientos y prácticas sociales que se despliegan en el ámbito material y un discurso que moldea esas prácticas, mediante el establecimiento de políticas de desarrollo y la producción de conocimiento que las justifica y legitima. Está conformado por el ensamblaje de enunciados, saberes, instituciones, prácticas, comportamientos e intervenciones que emergió tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial en torno a la condición y el problema de la falta de desarrollo–definido de forma imprecisa y variable en el tiempo, pero como algo positivo y deseable–en las poblaciones, inicialmente, del entonces bautizado como Tercer Mundo y que hoy en día sigue gozando de una buena salud, encarnado en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. El discurso del desarrollo constituye una tecnología de gobierno, un dispositivo de la forma de poder que Foucault denomina gubernamentalidad y que podemos entender como una racionalidad política y un conjunto de tecnologías, técnicas y prácticas de gobierno, en el sentido de conducción del comportamiento humano en todos los ámbitos de su existencia y a través de múltiples instituciones y agencias. Para revelar esa naturaleza, hemos de preguntarnos por su productividad táctica, por los efectos recíprocos de poder y de saber que asegura, así como por su integración estratégica, es decir, sus condiciones de posibilidad, la coyuntura y la relación de fuerzas que hacen posible su aparición y de la que forma parte...
The object of study of this research is the discourse of development and, in particular, the emergence of the paradigm of good governance or good government in the1990s, which coincided with the process of global expansion of neoliberalism. We speak of development discourse to refer, from a Foucauldian position, to a set of ideas, behaviours and social practices that are deployed in the material sphere and a discourse that shapes these practices, through the establishment of development policies and the production of knowledge that justifies and legitimises them. It is shaped by the assemblage of statements, knowledge, institutions, practices, behaviours and interventions that emerged after the Second World War around the condition and problem of the lack of development-defined in an imprecise and variable way over time, but as something positive and desirable-in the populations, initially, of what was then known as the Third World, and which today continues to enjoy good health, embodied in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Development discourse constitutes a technology of government, a device of the form of power that Foucault calls governmentality, which we can understand as a political rationality and a set of technologies, techniques and practices of government, in the sense of conducting human conduct in all spheres of its existence and through multiple institutions and agencies. To reveal this nature, we must ask ourselves about its tactical productivity, about the reciprocal effects of power and knowledge that it ensures, as well as about its strategic integration, that is, its conditions of possibility, the conjuncture and the balance of forces that make its emergence possible and of which it is a part...
The object of study of this research is the discourse of development and, in particular, the emergence of the paradigm of good governance or good government in the1990s, which coincided with the process of global expansion of neoliberalism. We speak of development discourse to refer, from a Foucauldian position, to a set of ideas, behaviours and social practices that are deployed in the material sphere and a discourse that shapes these practices, through the establishment of development policies and the production of knowledge that justifies and legitimises them. It is shaped by the assemblage of statements, knowledge, institutions, practices, behaviours and interventions that emerged after the Second World War around the condition and problem of the lack of development-defined in an imprecise and variable way over time, but as something positive and desirable-in the populations, initially, of what was then known as the Third World, and which today continues to enjoy good health, embodied in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Development discourse constitutes a technology of government, a device of the form of power that Foucault calls governmentality, which we can understand as a political rationality and a set of technologies, techniques and practices of government, in the sense of conducting human conduct in all spheres of its existence and through multiple institutions and agencies. To reveal this nature, we must ask ourselves about its tactical productivity, about the reciprocal effects of power and knowledge that it ensures, as well as about its strategic integration, that is, its conditions of possibility, the conjuncture and the balance of forces that make its emergence possible and of which it is a part...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 31-05-2022