[en] Context. This work is part of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium papers published with the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). It is one of the demonstration papers aiming to highlight the improvements and quality of the newly published data by applying them to a scientific case. <BR /> Aims: We use the Gaia EDR3 data to study the structure and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. The large distance to the Clouds is a challenge for the Gaia astrometry. The Clouds lie at the very limits of the usability of the Gaia data, which makes the Clouds an excellent case study for evaluating the quality and properties of the Gaia data. <BR /> Methods: The basis of our work are two samples selected to provide a representation as clean as possible of the stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The selection used criteria based on position, parallax, and proper motions to remove foreground contamination from the Milky Way, and allowed the separation of the stars of both Clouds. From these two samples we defined a series of subsamples based on cuts in the colour-magnitude diagram; these subsamples were used to select stars in a common evolutionary phase and can also be used as approximate proxies of a selection by age. <BR /> Results: We compared the Gaia Data Release 2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insightsinto features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones. <P />Velocity profiles are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/649/A7">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/649/A7</A>
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Gaia Collaboration; AB(Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Luri, X.; University of Antofagasta, Chile
Chemin, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Clementini, G.; National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
Delgado, H. E.; Lund Observatory
McMillan, P. J.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Romero-Gómez, M.; University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute
Balbinot, E.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Castro-Ginard, A.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Mor, R.; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Ripepi, V.; National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
Sarro, L. M.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Cioni, M. -R. L.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Fabricius, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Garofalo, A.; University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute
Helmi, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Muraveva, T.; Leiden Observatory
Brown, A. G. A.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Vallenari, A.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Prusti, T.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Babusiaux, C.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Biermann, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Creevey, O. L.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Evans, D. W.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Eyer, L.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Hutton, A.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Jansen, F.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Jordi, C.; Technical University of Dresden, Institute for Planetary Geodesy
Klioner, S. A.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Lammers, U.; Lund Observatory
Lindegren, L.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Mignard, F.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Panem, C.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, -
Pourbaix, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Randich, S.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Sartoretti, P.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Soubiran, C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Walton, N. A.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Arenou, F.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Bastian, U.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Cropper, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Drimmel, R.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Katz, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Turin, Department of Physics
Lattanzi, M. G.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
van Leeuwen, F.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Bakker, J.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Castañeda, J.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
De Angeli, F.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Ducourant, C.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Fouesneau, M.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Frémat, Y.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Guerra, R.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Guerrier, A.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Guiraud, J.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Messineo, R.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Mowlavi, N.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Nicolas, C.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory, -
Nienartowicz, K.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Pailler, F.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Panuzzo, P.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Riclet, F.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Roux, W.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Seabroke, G. M.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Sordo, R.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Tanga, P.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Thévenin, F.; European Science and Astronomy Center, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Gracia-Abril, G.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Portell, J.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Teyssier, D.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Altmann, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Andrae, R.; National Observatoryof Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236, Athens, Greece
Bellas-Velidis, I.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Benson, K.; Universite de Lille I, France
Berthier, J.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Blomme, R.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Brugaletta, E.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Burgess, P. W.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Busso, G.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Carry, B.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Cellino, A.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Cheek, N.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Damerdji, Yassine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE) ; CRAAG – Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l’Observatoire Bp 63 Bouzareah 16340 Algiers, Algeria
Davidson, M.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography
Delchambre, Ludovic ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Dell'Oro, A.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Fernández-Hernández, J.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Galluccio, L.; European Science and Astronomy Center
García-Lario, P.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Garcia-Reinaldos, M.; European Science and Astronomy Center, University of Vigo, Spain
González-Núñez, J.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, -
Gosset, Eric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Haigron, R.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Halbwachs, J. -L.; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Hambly, N. C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, -
Harrison, D. L.; University of Athens, Department of Astronomy
Hatzidimitriou, D.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Heiter, U.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Hernández, J.; Universite de Lille I, France
Hestroffer, D.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Hodgkin, S. T.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory, University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Holl, B.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Janßen, K.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Jevardat de Fombelle, G.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Jordan, S.; University of Lisbon, Portugal, University of California, Irvine
Krone-Martins, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania, University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Lanzafame, A. C.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Löffler, W.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Lorca, A.; University of Coruna, Spain
Manteiga, M.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Marchal, O.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome, ASI Science Data Center
Marrese, P. M.; University of Lisbon, Portugal
Moitinho, A.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Mora, A.; University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute
Muinonen, K.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Osborne, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri, ASI Science Data Center
Pancino, E.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Pauwels, T.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Recio-Blanco, A.; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Richards, P. J.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Riello, M.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Robin, A. C.; HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Roegiers, T.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Rybizki, J.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Siopis, C.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Smith, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Sozzetti, A.; University of Vigo, Spain
Ulla, A.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Utrilla, E.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
van Leeuwen, M.; European Science and Astronomy Center
van Reeven, W.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Abbas, U.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Abreu Aramburu, A.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Accart, S.; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Aerts, C.; National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
Aguado, J. J.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Ajaj, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome, ASI Science Data Center
Altavilla, G.; University of Coruna, Spain
Álvarez, M. A.; CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona
Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J.; University of Vienna, Department of Astronomy
Alves, J.; European Southern Observatory, Germany
Anderson, R. I.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Anglada Varela, E.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Antoja, T.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Audard, M.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Baines, D.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Baker, S. G.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Balog, Z.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Barache, C.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory, Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Barbato, D.; University of Lisbon, Portugal
Barros, M.; University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Barstow, M. A.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Bartolomé, S.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Bassilana, J. -L.; Universite de Lille I, France
Bauchet, N.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Baudesson-Stella, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Becciani, U.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Bellazzini, M.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Bernet, M.; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology, -, Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Bertone, S.; EURIX S.r.l., Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 61, 10128, Torino, Italy
Bianchi, L.; Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Boch, T.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Bombrun, A.; University of Porto, Center for Astrophysics
Bossini, D.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Bouquillon, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Bramante, L.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Breedt, E.; SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Italy
Bressan, A.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Brouillet, N.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Bucciarelli, B.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Burlacu, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Busonero, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Butkevich, A. G.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Buzzi, R.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Caffau, E.; University of Turin, Italy
Cancelliere, R.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Cánovas, H.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Cantat-Gaudin, T.; University of Cantabria, Spain
Carballo, R.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Carlucci, T.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Carnerero, M. I.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Carrasco, J. M.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Casamiquela, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
Castellani, M.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Castro Sampol, P.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Chaoul, L.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Charlot, P.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Chiavassa, A.; Vera C Rubin Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
Comoretto, G.; University of Hertfordshire, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Cooper, W. J.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Cornez, T.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Cowell, S.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Crifo, F.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Crosta, M.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Crowley, C.; University of Coruna, Spain
Dafonte, C.; National Observatoryof Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236, Athens, Greece
Dapergolas, A.; University of Antwerpen, Belgium
David, M.; Universite de Lille I, France
David, P.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
de Laverny, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Teramo
De Luise, F.; Aerospace Logistics Technology Engineering Company, Italy
De March, R.; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute
De Ridder, J.; University of Sao Paulo, Institute for Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences
de Souza, R.; European Science and Astronomy Center
de Teodoro, P.; European Science and Astronomy Center
de Torres, A.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
del Peloso, E. F.; European Science and Astronomy Center
del Pozo, E.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
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Garabato, D.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
Garcia-Gutierrez, A.; Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
García-Torres, M.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Gavras, P.; Technical University of Dresden, Institute for Planetary Geodesy
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Geyer, R.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Giacobbe, P.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
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Girona, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
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Gonzalez-Santamaria, I.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona
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