Label Free Assessment of Key Biological Autofluorophores: Material Characteristics and Opportunities for Clinical Applications
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Date
2024
Authors
Campbell, J.M.
Gosnell, M.
Agha, A.
Handley, S.
Knab, A.
Bhargava, A.
Goldys, E.M.
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Journal article
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Advanced Materials, 2024; 36(42):e2403761-1-e2403761-28
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Jared M. Campbell, Martin Gosnell, Adnan Agha, Shannon Handley, Aline Knab, Ayad G. Anwer, Akanksha Bhargava, and Ewa M. Goldys
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Abstract
Autofluorophores are endogenous fluorescent compounds that naturally occur in the intra and extracellular spaces of all tissues and organs. Most have vital biological functions - like the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD<sup>+</sup>, as well as the structural protein collagen. Others have been considered to be waste products - like lipofuscin and advanced glycation end products - which accumulate with age and are associated with cellular dysfunction. Due to their natural fluorescence these materials have great utility for enabling non-invasive, label-free assays with direct ties to biological function. Numerous technologies, with different advantages and drawbacks, have been applied to their assessment, including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, hyperspectral microscopy, and flow cytometry. Here, we review the applications of label-free autofluorophore assessment for clinical and health-research applications, with specific attention to biomaterials, disease detection, surgical guidance, treatment monitoring and tissue assessment - fields which greatly benefit from non-invasive methodologies capable of continuous, in vivo characterisation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.